Location History:
- Edmonton, CA (1999)
- Cambridge, CA (2000)
- Cambridge, GB (1999 - 2001)
Company Filing History:
4 out of 145 
4 out of 446 
Years Active: 1999-2001
Title: Penelope E Stein: Innovator in Pertussis Toxin Research
Introduction
Penelope E Stein is a distinguished inventor based in Cambridge, GB. She has made significant contributions to the field of biochemistry, particularly in the study and modification of pertussis toxin. With a total of five patents to her name, her work has implications for immunology and vaccine development.
Latest Patents
One of her latest patents involves the modification of pertussis toxin. The three-dimensional structure of crystalline pertussis holotoxin (PT) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures have also been established for complexes of pertussis toxin with molecules relevant to the biological activity of PT. These three-dimensional structures were analyzed to identify functional amino acids appropriate for modification to alter the biological properties of PT. Similar procedures may be used to predict amino acids that contribute to the toxicity of the holotoxin, aiming to produce immunoprotective, genetically-detoxified analogs of pertussis toxin.
Career Highlights
Throughout her career, Penelope has worked with notable organizations such as Connaught Laboratories Limited and the University of Alberta. Her research has been pivotal in advancing our understanding of pertussis toxin and its potential applications in medicine.
Collaborations
Some of her notable coworkers include Randy J Read and Stephen A Cockle. Their collaborative efforts have further enriched the research landscape in which Penelope operates.
Conclusion
Penelope E Stein's innovative work in the modification of pertussis toxin showcases her expertise and dedication to advancing scientific knowledge. Her contributions are vital for the development of safer and more effective vaccines.