The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document.
The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge covers the following: Patent number, Date patent was issued, Date patent was filed, Title of the patent, Applicant, Inventor, Assignee, Attorney firm, Primary examiner, Assistant examiner, CPCs, and Abstract. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document (in Adobe Acrobat format, aka pdf). To download or print any patent click here.
Patent No.:
Date of Patent:
Dec. 18, 2001
Filed:
Jan. 27, 1995
David K. C. Cooper, Oklahoma City, OK (US);
Eugen Koren, Oklahoma City, OK (US);
Other;
Abstract
Methods to manipulate animals such as pigs, and the animals and tissues thereby derived, to reduce their immunogenicity following implantation into humans, are described. These methods are based on the discovery that certain carbohydrate structures on pig tissues, which require expression of the gene encoding the &agr; 1→3 galactosyl transferase enzyme, are targets for natural preformed antibodies of humans and elicit further antibody production in humans, while other carbohydrate structures do not or do so in a reduced amount. In the preferred embodiment, animals are produced by homologous recombination of the gene encoding &agr; 1→3 galactosyl transferase in embryonic stem cells or by microinjection into embryos of sequences eliminating or decreasing expression of &agr; 1→3 galactosyl transferase. In alternative embodiments, animals are produced having reduced amounts of &agr; 1→3 galactosyl epitopes or epitopes which are masked by sialylation or fucosylation.