Agway Inc.

Robert L Steele

Darwin G Braund

Richard L Goings

James E Nocek

Kendall L Dolge

Thomas J Fronk

John W Peters

Charles A Macgregor

A novel method of formulating dairy cow rations based on regulation of the content of non-structural carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber in the total daily ration, including both forage and grain portions, is disclosed. Feedstuffs analyzed to determine the percentages of non-structural carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber contained thereby were fed in various proportions to test groups of cows under controlled conditions, and to commercial herds under actual field conditions to determine the effects, if any, on milk production by varying the proportion of the total daily ration constituted by non-structural carbohydrates. Also, the proportion of non-structural carbohydrates to neutral detergent fiber in the ration was calculated and compared with milk production levels. It was established that milk production was optimized when the total daily ration, including at least one grain and one forage, consists of between about 30% and 45% non-structural carbohydrates, depending upon forage type. Furthermore, it was found that the ratio of non-structural carbohydrates to neutral detergent fiber bears a quadratic relation to milk yield and that the optimal response is achieved by maintaining the ratio within a range of about 0.9 to 1.2, the preferred ratio being about 1.05 (i.e., 1 part non-structural carbohydrate to 1.05 parts neutral detergent fiber).

Method of formulating dairy cow rations based on carbohydrate regulation

The invention comprises an improved method for administering calcium dosages to periparturient dairy cows, resulting in significant decreases in the incidence of milk fever and retained placenta. The single dosage comprises 18 to 36 grams of readily absorbable calcium, preferably finely powdered calcium carbonate in an amount which provides about 30 grams of available calcium. The dosage, preferably in the form of one or more compacted pellets, is administered orally within a period of 0 to 8 hours (preferably 0-2 hours) after parturition. The oral dosage is forcefully administered, as opposed to being offered to the cow in the form of a feed or drinking water supplement.

Method for reducing incidence of periparturient disorders in cows

Dairy cattle rations are formulated to optimize milk production by balancing the proportion of soluble and insoluble protein in the total dietary protein. The ration may include both forage and concentrate portions, in which case the forage portion may consist of grazing and/or available stored forage with the composition of the concentrate being adjusted as required to provide the required balance of soluble and insoluble protein. The total protein intake is established according to standard recommended levels based on a particular cow or herd's production level, and other factors. The proportion of the total protein which is soluble in the cow's rumen is limited to not more than 25%, but some soluble protein, preferably in a range of about 10% to 20% is provided since it is this protein which is used by the microorganisms in the rumen which are, in turn, used by the cow as protein.

Method of formulating dairy cattle rations

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Syracuse, NY, United States of America

Robert L Steele