Eli Lilly and Company

Richard E Heiney

Bruce H Frank

David A Hall

Mark R Walden

Walker E Prouty

This specification describes a process for converting a human insulin precursor to human insulin, which comprises treating such human insulin precursor with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B in an aqueous medium containing per mole of human insulin precursor from about 0.1 to about 10 moles of one or more metal ions of those metals having Atomic Numbers 21 to 34, 39 to 52, 57 to 84, and 89 to 92.

Process for transforming a human insulin precursor to human insulin

This invention relates to a process for preparing 7-(S)-acylamino-3-hydroxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid sulfones and the salts and esters thereof. The instant process involves contacting a 7-(S)-acylamino-3-acetoxymethyl cephalosporin sulfone in an aqueous solution buffered from about pH 6 to about pH 8 with citrus acetylesterase, which is immobilized on silica gel. The 3-hydroxymethyl cephalosporin sulfones produced by the process of this invention are intermediates in the synthesis of 1-oxa .beta.-lactam antibiotics.

Process for 3-hydroxymethyl cephalosporin sulfones

Dihydrobenzopyranoxanthenones of the formula ##STR1## are electrolytically reduced to their corresponding hexahydrobenzopyranoxanthenones at a mercury cathode in the presence of a proton source and in the presence of an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts having a total of about 10 to about 28 carbon atoms in the cation moiety, and tertiary amine salts having a total of about 7 to about 21 carbon atoms in the cation moiety.

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Greenwood, IN, United States of America

Richard E Heiney