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Combustion Electromagnetics Inc.

Michael A V Ward

An ignition-engine system for internal combustion engines having two-valves per cylinder () with a larger intake valve () and a smaller exhaust valve () in a longitudinal layout with a single camshaft () operating bucketed valve stemsandthat are vertical, with the valves making up essentially the roof of the combustion chamber and having a volume essentially under the intake valve of approximately 35% of the combustion chamber and a volume under the exhaust valve of approximately 65%, and two spark plugs per cylinder with plugs () and () located at the edge of two opposite squish-zones () of a compact combustion chamber, wherein the air-flow near TC is channeled between the two large squish-lands () and () wherein the cross-section of the channel is approximately constant of average width 'W', resulting in a relatively more compact combustion chamber having squish-lands take up approximately &#x2153; of the projected bore area of the cylinder and the more compact channel to be approximately &#x2154; of the bore area, wherein as the piston approaches ignition it provides an approximately orthogonal-to-the-main-flow () through the action of the squish walls which have a clearance of only about 0.06 inches with the piston at top center for improving knocking by moving the spark-flame kernel toward the hotter exhaust valve.

2-valve, 2-plug, 2-intake lean burn engine with squish flow with about 2/3 the combustion chamber under the exhaust valve

A piston (), a spring () operatively coupled to a piston, the spring being inside () or outside () the piston, and if the spring is inside the piston, the diameter of the spring is equal to 0.7 to 0.9, and if it is outside of the piston it is an external coil spring which is outside the cylinder which contains the piston and is able to provide a force of thousands of pounds per inch, and furthermore so that at light load the compression ratio (CR) is greater than 13 to 1 designated as CR, at medium load has a compression ratio less then CRbut greater than CReff, and at wide open throttle (WOT) has a CR equal to Creff, the CR is less than CRas would occur at medium or higher load which would lead to a flexing of the spring, and the cycle on the compression stroke is known as the HCX cycle where the pressure goes between Ppre and less than or equal to Pf.

High efficiency high power internal combustion engine operating in a high compression conversion exchange cycle

A high energy density and high efficiency inductive ignition coil for IC engine achieved by the use of biasing magnets () located at the end () of an open-E laminated core to raise the coil energy to five times typical, i.e. of approximately 150 mj and to double the coil efficiency including novel use of coil winding structure () with a primary winding turns (Np) of between 70 and 86 and primary inductance Lp of between 700 uH and 1,100 uH, and a low turns ratio (Nt) of 53 to 67 allowing for a short, efficient, cylindrical coil, with secondary turns (Ns) of 4,000 to 5,000 turns with current of approximately 330 ma which is predominantly in the high glow and low arc discharge mode, with a special ratio R defined as Np/Nt and equal to between 1.15 to 1.45, and the coil being small and light enough to be directly mounted on the spark plugs or near the plugs in a region of high squish flow in an engine.

High energy density inductive coils for approximately 300 ma spark current and 150 mj spark energy for lean burn engines

A high energy inductive coil-per-plug ignition system operating at a higher voltage Vc than battery voltage Vb by use of boost-type power converter (), using high energy density low inductance coils Ti which are further improved by partial encapsulation of the coils and by use of biasing magnets () in the large air gaps in the core to increase coil energy density, the coils connected to capacitive type spark plugs, with improved halo-disc type firing ends, by means of improved suppression wire (), the system operated and controlled by a micro-controller () to generate and control the coil charge time Tch, the sequencing the spark firing, and other control features including finding the firing cylinder by simultaneous ignition firing and sensing during engine cranking, to provide a highly controlled and versatile ignition system capable of producing high energy flow-coupling ignition sparks with relatively fewer and smaller parts.

MCU based high energy ignition

An improved ignition-engine system for internal combustion engines comprising a compact combustion chamber in the cylinder head and two main squish zones (,) for producing high flow and turbulence, and at least one minor squish zone () at the end of the intake valve (), the system using independently operated spark plugs (,), placed asymmetrically at or near the edge of the high flow squish zones to handle both ultra-lean light load conditions and high load conditions without misfire or knocking, the engine leanness and high load operation and further improved by using variable compression ratio and/or direct fuel injection, including air-blast fuel injectors () and more centrally located air-blast-ignition fuel injector () more ideally suited for four valve engines and mild hybrid engines.

Two-valve high squish flow I.C. engine

Capacitive discharge system for ignitors of internal combustion engines with one ignition coil (T) per ignitor with one or more capacitors ( ) and shunt switch means ( ) associated with each such coil, together forming a coil primary ignition circuit of Type II topology and resonance oscillation capability, each switch means being a series combination of shunt diode (D) means and switch (SD) across the coils primary winding, with a voltage drop element (Vdb) across switch SD, the system constructed to produce capacitive ignition initial spark discharge of duration less than a quarter period of the resonance oscillation of the primary ignition circuit followed by an essentially triangular distribution decaying spark discharge of longer duration than the initial discharge, with switch SD to be turned off near or after spark circuit zero to divert residual primary discharge circuit through the voltage drop element.

High efficiency high energy firing rate CD ignition

A high efficiency high voltage ignition coil with segmented high voltage bobbin ( ) with the last few bays ( ) having fewer secondary winding turns than the average and thicker flanges separating the bays, and further including an inductor ( ) of inductance at least 0.5 mH with a core material which is lossy in the 100 KHz to 1 MHz range, the inductor located between the end of the high voltage winding and the spark gap ( ) so as to reduce the peak voltages across the last few high voltage bays immediately following the spark gap breakdown.

High efficiency high voltage low EMI ignition coil

An improved ignition-combustion system for internal combustion engines comprising a compact combustion chamber zone (,) in the engine cylinder head (,) mainly under the exhaust valve (,) and with large air-squish zones (,) formed at the edge of the combustion zone which produce colliding squish flows (,) with high turbulence (,) at the center of the combustion zone, with one or two spark plugs (,) located at the edge of the combustion zone within the high squish zones, resulting in a combined ignition and combustion system of colliding-flow-coupled-spark discharge (CFCSD), with the ignition employing high energy flow-resistant ignition sparks which move under the influence of the squish flow towards the central turbulence region as the piston nears engine top center, to produce rapid and complete burning of lean and high EGR mixtures for best engine efficiency and lowest emissions.

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Arlington, MA, United States of America

Michael A V Ward