Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.p.a.

Other

Francesco De Angelis

Maria Ornella Tinti

Fabio Giannessi

Mauro Marzi

Patrizia Minetti

Arduino Arduini

Piero Chiodi

Domenico Misiti

Nazareno Scafetta

Roberto Castagnani

Maria Laura Bolognesi

Natalina Dell'Uomo

Paolo De Witt

Michele Dipalo

Ida Bernabei

Gian Carlo Gramiccioli

Fabio Giannesi

A method of recording intracellular action potentials in electrogenic cells through pores in membranes of cells formed by optoporation includes positioning a sample that includes the cells on a multi-electrode array; incubating or perfusing the sample; focusing a laser on the surface of the array electrodes, the surface contacting the sample; applying one or more laser pulses to one or more array electrodes to perform a localized breakdown of the membrane of the cells of the sample; and recording the intracellular action potentials. The surface of the electrodes is porous and has cavities and protrusions at the nanoscale level, and the electric field produced by the laser is localized and amplified to perform the localized breakdown of the membrane of the cells of the sample.

Method and device for recording intracellular action potential in electrogenic cells

Compounds having reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase

Compounds of formula (I)wherein the groups are as defined in the description are disclosed. The compounds of formula (I) are endowed with reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and are useful in the preparation of medicaments useful in the pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase, such as hyperglycemia, diabetes and pathologies related thereto, heart failure, ischemia.

Synthesis of (R) and (S)-aminocarnitine, (R) and (S)-4-phosphonium-3-amino-butanoate, (R) and (S) 3,4-diaminobutanoic acid, and their derivatives starting from D- and L-aspartic acid

Synthesis of (R) and (S) -aminocarnitine and their derivatives starting from D- and L-aspartic acid

A process is described for the stereoselective synthesis of R-(&minus;)-carnitine in which the characterizing step is condensation of glycerol with an amine of (&minus;)camphorsulfonic acid.

Chemical process for the stereoselective synthesis of R-(-)-carnitine

R-(&minus;)-carnitine is prepared by (a) conversion of (S)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone &lsqb;1&rsqb; to alkyl (S)-4-halogen-3-hydroxy-butyrate &lsqb;2&rsqb; by reaction with a linear or branched C,-C,alcohol (b), substitution of a CN group for the halogen of compound &lsqb;2&rsqb; to yield the alkyl ester of (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid &lsqb;3&rsqb;, (c) conversion of alkyl ester &lsqb;3&rsqb; to yield (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyramide &lsqb;4&rsqb;, (d) cyclization of compound &lsqb;4&rsqb; to yield (R)-5-(cyanomethyl)-2-oxazolidone &lsqb;5&rsqb; via conversion of the amide function to isocyanate, (e) hydrolysis of compound &lsqb;5&rsqb; to yield (R)-4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid &lsqb;6&rsqb;, and finally (f) methylation of the amino group of compound &lsqb;6&rsqb; to yield the end product (R)-carnitine.

Process for the preparation of R-(-)-carnitine

A process is disclosed for producing (R)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone from its enantiomer, (S)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone. The (R)-enantiomer can be advantageously utilized in several organic synthesis and industrial processes, such as e.g. GABOB and (R)-carnitine preparation.

Process for producing (R)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone useful for preparing

DL-, D- or L-carnitine esters of formula ##STR1## wherein R, Y and X.sup.- have the meaning shown in the specification which possess potent bactericidal, fungicidal and antiprozoal activity, processes for their preparation and compositions topically applicable for treating infections of the skin, outer ear and mucosa, are disclosed.

Bis alkanoyl esters of carnitine having bactericidal, fungicidal and

A process for producing (S)-.beta.-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone, a versatile intermediate used in several organic syntheses, from (S)-carnitine which is an unexpensive waste-product obtained from the production of (R)-carnitine by the resolution of racemic mixtures, is disclosed.

Process for the preparation of (S)-.beta.-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone

The present invention relates to a proces for manufacturing L-(-)-carnitine from D-(+)-carnitine or a derivative thereof. D-(+)-carnitine is esterified in order to protect the carboxyl group and subsequently converted to an acyl derivative. The acyl derivative is then converted to a lactone of L-(-)-carnitine. Finally, the lactone is reopened to obtain L-(-)-carnitine.

Process for manufacturing L-(-)-carnitine from a waste product having

L-(-)-carnitine is prepared from D-(+)-carnitinamide by (a) reacting D-(+)-carnitinamide in an acid medium with a straight or branched chain aliphatic alcohol thereby forming D-(+)-carnitine ester, (b) acylating the D-(+)-carnitine ester with an anhydride R.sub.2 O, thereby forming an acylated ester intermediate, (c) acid hydrolyzing the ester group of the acyl carnitine ester thereby obtaining acyl D-(+)-carnitine, (d) lactonizing the acyl D-(+)-carnitine to a lactone of L-(-)-carnitine, and (e) reacting the lactone with base thereby forming L-(-)-carnitine.

Process for manufacturing L(-)-carnitine from a waste product having

A process for producing aminocarnitine is described, wherein methanesulfonylcarnitine is converted to a lactone which is reacted with an azide to give azidocarnitine. The catalytic hydrogenation of azidocarnitine gives aminocarnitine.

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Rome, Italy

Francesco De Angelis