Iowa State University Research Foundation Inc

Other

Earl G Hammond

Walter R Fehr

Tong Wang

Lawrence A Johnson

Pamela J White

Nancy J Moon

Baran Onal Ulusoy

Ying Chen

Yongyi Julia Jiang

Karl Hammond

Inmok Lee

The present invention relates to a method of preventing or reducing oxidation of a frying oil during frying. The method involves adding a terpene ester compound, including a terpenol esterified to a fatty acid, to a frying oil under conditions effective to prevent or reduce oxidation of the frying oil during frying. Also disclosed are frying oil compositions containing a frying oil and a terpene ester compound including a terpenol esterified to a fatty acid, as well as food products fried with such frying oil compositions.

Terpene ester compounds as autoxidation inhibitors for frying oils

A method for converting free fatty acids in acid oil or acid fat into fatty acid methyl esters is disclosed. The method involves adding a small amount of methanol and an acid catalyst to the acid oil or acid fat and subjecting the mixture to conditions that allow the fatty acid methyl esters to form. A lipid phase containing the fatty acid methyl esters and triglycerides can from and be separated from the rest of the reaction mixture. The lipid phase can then be subjected to conditions suitable for converting the triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters. The method of present invention is especially useful for a process of generating biodiesel using a starting material of vegetable and animal oils and fats that contain a relatively high level of free fatty acids.

Method of converting free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters with small excess of methanol

The present invention provides new compounds that can be used as antioxidants for either molecules that do not conation ester groups or esters of alcohols that contain two or more ester groups per molecule wherein at least two of the ester groups are on adjacent carbons in the alcohol moiety. Copper ions can enhance the antioxidization activity of the new compounds. Compositions containing one of the new compound and methods of using the new compounds are disclosed.

Antioxidant compositions and industrial fluids containing same

Soybeans (i.e., Glycine max L. Merr.) possessing a novel genetic determinant for the reduced production of linolenic acid in the endogenously formed vegetable oil of the seeds are provided. Such genetic determinant is the homozygous recessive fan3fan3 gene pair that has been found to be capable of formation through mutagenesis. Once formed, such genetic determinant can be readily transferred to other soybean lines and cultivars where it is similarly expressed on a reliable basis under conventional field growing conditions. In a preferred embodiment a soybean plant possesses the combined presence of the homozygous recessive gene pairs (1) fan1fan1 or fan1(A5)fan1(A5), (2) fan2fan2, as well as (3) fan3fan3 for reduced linolenic acid formation in the seeds and has been found that an unusually low expression for linolenic acid production in the resulting vegetable oil of the seeds is provided that is less than 1.3 percent by weight and most preferably is no more than 1.1 percent by weight based on the total fatty acid content. A vegetable oil is made possible in this instance that is particularly well suited for frying applications in the absence of the need for hydrogenation.

Reduced linolenic acid production in soybeans

Soybeans (i.e., Glycine max L. Merr.) possessing a novel genetic determinant for the enhanced production of palmitic acid in the endogenously formed vegetable oil of the seeds are provided. Such genetic determinant is the homogeneous recessive fap5fap5 gene pair that has been found to be capable of formation through mutagenesis. Once formed, such genetic determinant can be readily transferred to other soybean lines and cultivars where it is similarly expressed on a reliable basis under conventional field growing conditions. In a preferred embodiment when a soybean plant possesses the combined presence of the homogeneous recessive genes (1) fap2-bfap2-b, (2) fap4fap4, as well as (3) fap5fap5 for enhanced palmitic acid formation in the seeds, it has been found that an unusually high expression for palmitic acid production in the resulting vegetable oil of the seeds is provided that is in excess of 30 up to approximately 37 percent by weight based upon the total fatty acid content. A resulting vegetable oil is made possible in this instance that is particularly well suited for margarine preparation in absence of the need for hydrogenation.

Elevated palmitic acid production in soybeans

Soybeans (ie., Glycine max L. Merr.) possessing a novel genetic determinant for the enhanced production of palmitic acid in the endogenously formed vegetable oil of the seeds are provided. Such genetic determinant is the homogeneous recessive fap5fap5 gene pair that has been found to be capable of formation through mutagenesis. Once formed, such genetic determinant can be readily transferred to other soybean lines and cultivars where it is similarly expressed on a reliable basis under conventional field growing conditions. In a preferred embodiment when a soybean plant possesses the combined presence of the homogeneous recessive genes (1) fap2-bfap2-b, (2) fap4fap4, as well as (3) fap5fap5 for enhanced palmitic acid formation in the seeds, it has been found that an unusually high expression for palmitic acid production in the resulting vegetable oil of the seeds is provided that is in excess of 30 up to approximately 37 percent by weight based upon the total fatty acid content. A resulting vegetable oil is made possible in this instance that is particularly well suited for margarine preparation in absence of the need for hydrogenation.

Soybean vegetable oil possessing a reduced linolenic acid content

A soybean seed is provided which exhibits an extremely high level of palmitic acid within the vegetable oil component of the seed. The soybean seed is designated AX7017-1-3 and bears ATCC Accession No. 97967. Palmitic acid is present in the endogenously formed vegetable oil in a concentration of at least 18 percent by weight (preferably at least 20 percent by weight) based upon the total fatty acid content as determined by gas chromatography. Descendants which exhibit a comparable palmitic acid content within the vegetable of the present invention are included within the concept of the present invention. A soybean plant also is provided upon the germination of the soybean seed. Such soybean plant commonly is capable of yielding comparable soybean seeds in a subsequent generation following self-pollination. The soybean seed preferably is provided within an assemblage of like seeds. A high level of stearic acid of at least 18 percent by weight (preferably at least 20 percent by weight) also can be present in the endogenously formed vegetable oil.

Soybean designated AX7017-1-3

A soybean vegetable oil obtained by crushing and extraction from mature soybean seeds is provided in which the endogenously formed concentrations of both palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are simultaneously elevated. Neither elevated saturated fatty acid concentration is negated by the expression of the other saturated fatty acid in the elevated concentration. The endogenously formed palmitic acid content is from about 14% to about 24% and the endogenously formed stearic acid content is from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the total fatty acid composition. In a preferred embodiment, the endogenously formed linolenic acid (C18:3) component of the soybean oil is no more than about 3% by weight of the total fatty acid composition.

Soybean vegetable oil having elevated concentrations of both palmitic

Methods are described for the production of soybean varieties and lines exhibiting linolenic acid contents of less than about 2.5% of the total fatty acid composition as determined by gas chromatography, preferably less than about 2.2% and, more preferably, less than about 1.9%, and in one aspect of the invention, soybean varieties and lines having the low linolenic acid characteristic and a stearic acid content of at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, and, more preferably, at least about 30%, and in a further aspect, soybean varieties and lines having the low linolenic acid content and a palmitic acid content of at least 11%, more preferably at least about 13 or 14%. In accordance with still further aspects of this invention, soybean lines are provided which exhibit a low linolenic acid content and an oleic acid content of at least about 60% of the total fatty acid composition, such lines may, if desired, also contain a palmitic acid content of less than about 6.0% and/or a stearic acid content of less than about 3.5%. There is also disclosed soybean lines having low linolenic acid contents and a palmitic acid content of less than about 5.0%, preferably less than about 4.0%.

Soybeans having low linolenic acid content and palmitic acid content of

A method is described for producing soybean varieties and lines exhibiting low palmitic acid contents of less than about 6.0% of the total fatty acid composition down to no more than about 2.4% or lower. The novel soybean lines are obtained by crossing C1726 and A1973NMU-173 and by utilizing selected progeny from such crossing. Soybean lines having stearic acid contents of less than about 3.0%, down to about 1.5% and total saturated fatty acid contents less than about 7.0% down to no more than about 4.0% are also disclosed.

Soybeans capable of forming a vegetable oil having a low saturated fatty

Soybeans capable of forming a vegetable oil having specified

A novel soybean seed and plant designated A17 having ATCC Accession No. 40539 and its descendents are provided. Such soybean exhibits an unusually low linolenic acid (C18:3) content of less than 2.5% by weight based upon the total fatty acid content in the endogenously formed vegetable oil. Also, the palmitic acid (C16:0) content of the endogenously formed vegetable oil is elevated and is at least 15.1% by weight based upon the total fatty acid content.

Growing community of inventors

Ames, IA, United States of America

Earl G Hammond