The Procter Gamble Company

Donald Benjamin Appleby

Deborah Jean Back

Steven Robert Baker

Michael Steven Gibson

Peter Yau-Tak Lin

Ronald Edward Pegoli

Terry Franklin Formyduval

Vicki L Weber

Junan Kao

Larry Nelson Hawkins

James M Robertson

Ephraim Lamar Kelly

Joseph Fredrich Sherman

Mary Celine Schneider

Patrick Joseph Corrigan

John Keeney Howie

Richard Gerard Schafermeyer

David Joseph Bruno, Jr

Ju-Nan Kao

Joia Kirin Spooner-Wyman

Glen Reid Wyness

Scott David Pearson

Disclosed herein are shortening compositions comprising from about 40% to about 90% sucrose polyester, by weight, wherein said shortening compositions may comprise, based on total weight of the shortening composition, a Solid Fat Index of from about 5% to about 10% solids at 40&#xb0; C. and a Firmness of from about 90,000 Pa to about 1,500,000 Pa.

Shortening compositions

Disclosed herein are compositions that include a blend of sucrose polyesters, wherein each sucrose polyester includes a sucrose moiety and a plurality of fatty acid ester moieties, wherein from about 50% to about 90%, by weight, of the combined fatty acid ester moieties of the sucrose polyesters in the blend are palmitic fatty acid ester moieties.

Sucrose polyesters

Disclosed herein are compositions that include a blend of sucrose polyesters, wherein each sucrose polyester includes a sucrose moiety and a plurality of fatty acid ester moieties, wherein a percentage range of the combined fatty acid ester moieties of the sucrose polyesters in the blend have a carbon chain that has trans content.

Polyol polyesters useful as nondigestible fat substitutes are prepared by improved heterogeneous interesterification processes between fatty acid esters of easily removable alcohol and polyol characterized by having one or more improvements such as using low levels of soap emulsifying agent, catalyst, and/or excess fatty acid ester; reducing the size of the polyol by mechanical means; removing extraneous particulate material during the reaction; using low temperature and/or high pressure and compensating by increasing the mass transfer area; and/or using backmixing in the initial stage(s) and plug-flow conditions in the final stage(s).

Polyol polyester synthesis

Fuel compositions containing (a) pulverized coal; and (b) an oxygenate selected from glycerol, glycerol derivatives, propylene glycol, propylene glycol derivatives, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol derivatives, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof. Methods of reducing the NOx emissions generated from the burning of pulverized coal in a heat-producing unit, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) introducing pulverized coal into a combustion chamber of the heat-producing unit; and (b) co-firing the pulverized coal with an oxygenate source selected from glycerol, glycerol derivatives, propylene glycol, propylene glycol derivatives, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol derivatives, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof, where the combustion of the oxygenate source generates at least 2.5%, on a heat input basis, of the total heat generated by the co-firing.

Method for combustion of pulverized coal with reduced emissions

N-alkyl polyhydroxy alkyl amines such as N-methyl glucamine having a Gardner Color of less than 1 are reacted with sources of fatty acyl groups such as methyl esters, anhydrides, and/or fatty acids that have greater than 98% transmittance at 460 nm in organic hydroxy solvents such as methanol to prepare N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine amides with good color. The N-alkyl polyhydroxyamines can be purified by crystallization, and/or subjected to reductive bleaching, to provide superior color. The reaction is preferably carried out at low temperature for short periods of time and with low catalyst levels to minimize formation of cyclic products. The resulting amide product can be further purified by treatment with anionic and cationic exchange resins to remove soap and amine impurities. The anionic ion exchange resin can be readily regenerated by acidifying it followed by washing with an organic solvent.

Process for preparing amides of N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkyl amines

Process for preparing amides of N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkyls

Growing community of inventors

Cincinnati, OH, United States of America

Donald Benjamin Appleby