Actus Potentia, Inc.

Iowa State University Research Foundation Inc

Ambar K Mitra

Abhijit Chandra

Ashraf F Bastawros

Charles A Lemaire

J Adin Mann, Iii

Jerald M Vogel

Matthew D Moore

Joel P Dunham

Charles A Lamaire

Craig D Herreman

Focused Electric Field Imprinting (FEFI) provides a focused electric field to guide an unplating operation and/or a plating operation to form very fine-pitched metal patterns on a substrate. The process is a variation of the electrochemical unplating process, wherein the process is modified for imprinting range of patterns of around 2000 microns to 20 microns or less in width, and from about 0.1 microns or less to 10 microns or more in depth. Some embodiments curve a proton-exchange membrane whose shape is varied using suction on a backing fluid through a support mask. Other embodiments use a curved electrode. Mask-membrane interaction parameters and process settings vary the feature size, which can generate sub-100-nm features. The feature-generation process is parallelized, and a stepped sequence of such FEFI operations, can generate sub-100-nm lines with sub-100-nm spacing. The described FEFI process is implemented on copper substrate, and also works well on other conductors.

Method for focused electric-field imprinting for micron and sub-micron patterns on wavy or planar surfaces

Apparatus for focused electric-field imprinting for micron and sub-micron patterns on wavy or planar surfaces

The present invention provides a computer-implemented method of problem solving that includes graphically displaying a plurality of concepts, dynamic links between the concepts, and solving a problem based on the displayed concepts and dynamic links. Other embodiments include: a computer-readable medium having instructions thereon for causing a suitably programmed information-processing apparatus to perform a method of the problem solving that includes graphically displaying a plurality of concepts, displaying dynamic links between the concepts, and solving a problem based on the displayed concepts and dynamic links. Still other embodiments include a computerized apparatus that includes a display output unit, a display drive unit that causes a plurality of concepts to be displayed on the display unit, and that causes dynamic links between the concepts to be displayed, and a solution unit that solves a problem based on the displayed concepts and dynamic links, and that displays the solution.

System and method for problem solving through dynamic/interactive concept-mapping

A Focused Electric Field Imprinting (FEFI) process and apparatus provides a focused electric field to guide an unplating operation and/or a plating operation to form very fine-pitched metal patterns on a substrate. The process is a variation of the electrochemical unplating process, wherein the process is modified for imprinting range of patterns of around 2000 microns to 20 microns or less in width, and from about 0.1 microns or less to 10 microns or more in depth. Some embodiments curve a proton-exchange membrane whose shape is varied using suction on a backing fluid through a support mask. Other embodiments use a curved electrode. Mask-membrane interaction parameters and process settings vary the feature size, which can generate sub-100-nm features. The feature-generation process is parallelized, and a stepped sequence of such FEFI operations, can generate sub-100 nm lines with sub-100 nm spacing. The described FEFI process is implemented on copper substrate, and also works well on other conductors.

A method of measuring dynamic air pressure on a ground surface beneath a negative air system which is comprised of a rotatable negative air pressure element with a deck unit having a top with side walls and an open bottom involves placing the system on an elevated horizontal platform located in spaced relation to the deck. The system is then made operative. Measurements are then made of the air pressure at a plurality of locations adjacent the platform to determine if the air pressure at such locations is such that predetermined values are met. The apparatus for performing the aforesaid method has a horizontal platform with a plurality of apertures therein. The platform is adapted to support the negative air system. A plurality of air pressure sensors are mounted in spaced locations on the platform and are located in the lower end of hollow extending tubular pressure taps. The sensors are operatively connected to a monitor to permit the dynamic air pressure to be read adjacent each aperture when the operating negative air system is placed on the platform over the apertures.

Method and means for measuring dynamic and static air pressure on a

A method of measuring dynamic air pressure on a ground surface beneath a lawn mower system which is comprised of a rotatable horizontal blade with a deck unit having a closed top with side walls and an open bottom involves placing the mower on an elevated horizontal platform located in spaced relation to the deck. The blade is then rotated at a speed at which the blade normally would cut grass. Measurements are then made of the air pressure at a plurality of locations adjacent the platform to determine if the air pressure at such locations is such that a blade of grass at each location would be lifted or depressed with respect to the platform. The apparatus for performing the aforesaid method has a horizontal platform with a plurality of apertures therein. The platform is adapted to support a lawn mower deck with a rotatable horizontal blade mounted therein. A plurality of air pressure sensors are mounted in spaced locations on the platform and are located in the lower end of hollow extending tubular pressure taps. The sensors are operatively connected to a monitor to permit the dynamic air pressure to be read adjacent each aperture when a lawn mower with a deck and a rotating blade within the deck is placed on the platform over the apertures.

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Ames, IA, United States of America

Ambar K Mitra