Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Abstract

Provided is a member for electrophotography that can achieve both an improvement in toner-conveying force under high temperature and high humidity, and excellent charge-providing performance for a toner, at high levels. The member for electrophotography includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrically insulating domains formed in a partial region on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a Martens hardness of 0.10 N/mmor more and 3.00 N/mmor less. In the surface of the member for electrophotography, the exposure ratio of the electro-conductive elastic layer per the area of a square 300 μm on a side is 50% to 90%, and the average of the areas of the portions of the respective plurality of electrically insulating domains to be brought into contact with the electro-conductive elastic layer is 300 μmor more and 10,000 μmor less.