Optical fiber for coherent anti-stokes raman scattering endoscopes

Abstract

An optical fiber for use in a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) endoscope, comprising a core guiding lightwaves at a pump wavelength and at a Stokes wavelength, the core being single-mode at both wavelengths. The core is surrounded by cladding layers, including an inner cladding layer, a trench cladding layer, an intermediate cladding layer and an outer cladding layer. The refractive index of the trench cladding layer is lower than those of both neighboring cladding layers so as to define a trench in the radial refractive-index profile. The bending losses of the fundamental LPmode of the fiber at the Stokes wavelength are limited while maintaining high confinement losses for the higher-order LPmode of the fiber at the pump wavelength. The combination of the intermediate and outer cladding layers forms a multimode waveguide for guiding a collected CARS signal generated by an object or medium probed with the endoscope.