The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document.
The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge covers the following: Patent number, Date patent was issued, Date patent was filed, Title of the patent, Applicant, Inventor, Assignee, Attorney firm, Primary examiner, Assistant examiner, CPCs, and Abstract. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document (in Adobe Acrobat format, aka pdf). To download or print any patent click here.
Patent No.:
Date of Patent:
Feb. 10, 2015
Filed:
Oct. 08, 2009
Shan Cheng, Sewickley, PA (US);
James D. Chant, North Olmsted, OH (US);
Nicephoros A. Fotinos, Lyndhurst, OH (US);
Mark Mcmillen, Cabot, PA (US);
Edward F. Rakiewicz, Gibsonia, PA (US);
David A. Raney, Brook Park, OH (US);
Shan Cheng, Sewickley, PA (US);
James D. Chant, North Olmsted, OH (US);
Nicephoros A. Fotinos, Lyndhurst, OH (US);
Mark McMillen, Cabot, PA (US);
Edward F. Rakiewicz, Gibsonia, PA (US);
David A. Raney, Brook Park, OH (US);
PPG Industries Ohio, Inc., Cleveland, OH (US);
Abstract
Disclosed are replenisher compositions and methods of replenishing pretreatment compositions. The methods include adding a replenisher composition to a pretreatment composition wherein the replenisher composition includes: (a) a dissolved complex metal fluoride ion wherein the metal ion comprises a Group IIIA metal, Group IVA metal, Group IVB metal, or combinations thereof; (b) a component comprising an oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate of Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group IVB metals, or combinations thereof; and optionally (c) a dissolved metal ion comprising a Group IB metal, Group IIB metal, Group VIIB metal, Group VIII metal, Lanthanide Series metal, or combinations thereof.