Torsional mode ultrasonic generator

Abstract

Apparatus () for generating torsional-mode ultrasonic vibrations comprises a stack of axially-polarized piezo-electric ceramic rings () having a torsional converter () mounted coaxially to either one face of the stack or to two opposite faces thereof. Each torsional converter () has a cross-sectional inhomogeneity comprising a plurality of helically-extending grooves () extending substantially from end to end of the converter. The grooves () each have a length, measured axially along the converter (), of approximately half the wavelength of ultrasonic vibrations therein. When the stack is energized, the stack and the converter () or converters () resonate together in a purely torsional-mode vibration. The apparatus () is compact and axisymmetric, and is straightforward to incorporate into a simple tool handpiece. The ultrasonic vibrations may be transmitted along a conventional elongate waveguide () of a tool to a distal operative tip (). A very high amplitude torsional oscillation may thus be induced at the operative tip () of the tool. Alternatively, a further converter element () may be located at a distal end of the waveguide () in order partially to convert torsional-mode to longitudinal-mode vibrations for tool operative tips requiring combined-mode oscillations.