Optical wavefront modifier including a series arrangement of transparent resistors between electrodes and scanning devices including such a modifier

Abstract

An optical wavefront modifier () is adapted for modifying a wavefront of an optical beam passing through the modifier. The modifier comprises a first and a second transparent electrode layer () and a flat medium () for modifying the wavefront in dependence on electrical excitation and arranged between the electrode layers. The first electrode layer () comprises three or more electrodes () of a transparent, conductive material. The electrode layer also comprises a series arrangement of resistors, comprising three terminals () connected to the electrodes and resistors () connecting the terminals. The resistors are made of the same transparent conductive material as the electrodes.