Antenna structures based upon a generalized hausdorff design approach

Abstract

An approach to antenna design optimizes gain, beam pattern, polarization response, and other qualities through self-replicating patterns based upon iterative transformations and candidate geometric shapes. In the preferred embodiment Hausdorff structures are used to realize &lgr; -arbitrary different radiation patterns, including patterns optimized for multiple frequencies. The most preferred approach applies a sequence of different Hutchinson operators to different geometric subsets, thereby achieving patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. A dynamic reconfigurable antenna array is provided according to an alternative embodiment, enabling a single device to be simultaneously tuned to different or multiple frequencies or other response criteria. The antenna array may be made directional in its radiation (or reception) pattern either by changing the configuration of the array, changing the feed points in the array, or electrically steering the pattern using standard beam formatting techniques on multiple taps. Once a particular antenna architecture is defined, electrical or micro-mechanical switches are placed at key points of the structure enabling the pattern to be changed dynamically. Alternatively, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or directionality.