Two-dimensional photonic crystal, and multiplexer/demultiplexer using the same

Abstract

In a 2D photonic crystal waveguide comprising a 2D photonic crystal structure based on a slab ( ) formed of a material having a higher refractive index than air, in which a material ( ) having a lower refractive index than the slab material is periodically arrayed to provide a refractive index distribution, a photonic crystal waveguide is created by forming a line defect ( ), which functions as a waveguide, in the periodic array of photonic crystal, and at least one point defect ( ) is disposed adjacent the photonic crystal waveguide to act as a disorder in the periodic array of photonic crystal. The point defect functions as a light or electromagnetic radiation outlet/inlet port for trapping light or electromagnetic radiation of a selected wavelength among light or electromagnetic radiation propagating through the waveguide and radiating it, or trapping light or electromagnetic radiation of a selected wavelength from the exterior and introducing it into the waveguide.