The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document.
The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge covers the following: Patent number, Date patent was issued, Date patent was filed, Title of the patent, Applicant, Inventor, Assignee, Attorney firm, Primary examiner, Assistant examiner, CPCs, and Abstract. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document (in Adobe Acrobat format, aka pdf). To download or print any patent click here.
Patent No.:
Date of Patent:
Nov. 11, 2003
Filed:
Sep. 13, 2001
Gary E. Betts, Westford, MA (US);
Joseph P. Donnelly, Carlisle, MA (US);
Patrick J. Taylor, Woburn, MA (US);
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (US);
Abstract
An electro-optic push-pull modulator requiring reduced high switching voltages through combinations of device structure and operation, causing linear and quadratic electro-optic effects to add. Such combinations of device structure and operation include combinations of crystal axis orientation, waveguide structure, electrode structure, electric field biasing, operating wavelengths, and optical polarizations. By inducing linear and quadratic electro-optic effects to add, significant refractive index changes can be realized with lower switching voltages, V&pgr;. Furthermore, significant reduction in switching voltage for push-pull modulators can also be realized through combinations of device structure and operation effectively inducing solely the quadratic electro-optic effect.