Methods for accurately, substantially noninvasively determining pulmonary capillary blood flow, cardiac output, and mixed venous carbon dioxide content

Abstract

A method of noninvasively determining the pulmonary capillary blood flow or cardiac output of a patient, including the use of rebreathing techniques to measure the respiratory flow and carbon dioxide pressure of the patient's breathing. These measurements are used to calculate carbon dioxide elimination and an indicator of the carbon dioxide content of the patient's blood, such as the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO ), CaCO , or pCO . The location and orientation of a best-fit line through the carbon dioxide elimination data and the data of the indicator of carbon dioxide content is determined by linear regression or by plotting the carbon dioxide elimination data against the data of the indicator of carbon dioxide content. At least one set of the data is modified and at least one other determination of the best-fit line made to find a data set that correlates most closely to the best-fit line. The data may be modified by filtering or clustering. The slope of the best-fit line that correlates most closely to the data is then used to determine the pulmonary capillary blood flow or cardiac output of the patient. When the indicator of carbon dioxide content is CaCO , the negative of the slope of the best-fit line is equal to the pulmonary capillary blood flow of the patient.