Reconfigurable and scalable intergrated optic waveguide add/drop multiplexing element using micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems and methods of fabricating thereof

Abstract

Over the last several years, the rapidly increasing traffic volume carried by telecommunication networks has been clearly observed as a result of the bandwidth-intensive applications such as Internet access, electronic commerce, multimedia applications, and distributed computing. Optical telecommunication systems employing optical fibers as the transmission medium have exhibited a superior performance/cost ratio for both long-haul and short-haul routes and the emerging dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)/all-optical networks have shown some promising potentials. However there still exists a need to improve speed, capacity and connectivity of optical telecommunication networks, as the information system's subscriber growth increases unrestrained. The present invention provides a reconfigurable and scalable fiber optic switching for optical telecommunication networks by integrating MEMS actuators and PLCs for optical signal switching and routing. The integrated optic waveguide switches and optical cross-connect networks are particularly applicable for DWDM/all-optical networks due to its low cost, small crosstalk, reliable, compact, reconfigurable, modular, scalable, and wavelength/polarization insensitive characteristics. The integrated optic waveguide switch can be configured into a variety of all-optical network component such as Add/Drop switch, optical cross-connect switch array, and Add/Drop DWDM filter by combining MEMS actuators and PLC networks into an integrated hybrid microsystem: Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS).