Optical error-detecting, error-correcting and other coding and

Abstract

Bar codes, comprised of black and white stripes, are shown to be a finite topic, and the optimum bar code methodology, binary coded binary, BCB, is disclosed. Binary digits are utilized to represent bar coded messages and each binary digit is immediately complemented, forming two independent but binarily complemented messages in one bar code symbol. BCB represents given information in less space than, e.g., Interleaved 2 of 5 and Code 39, while using the same x width (the width of a module), and BCB is far more versatile and is easier and less expensive to print and scan. BCB avoids misreads more reliably and achieves a dramatically higher first time read rate through use of applicants' error correcting bar codes. Methods of representing any size character set most efficiently in one number are disclosed as are continuous bar code forms. Optimum error detecting and correcting techniques for binary coding are also disclosed using applicants' sub-pile method of reverse engineering coding questions. Also disclosed are multiple line high density BCB formats. Multiple scan lines created with differently angled reflective surfaces are disclosed. Applicants' convenient coded binary notation is used for detecting bar code stripes reliably. Uses for bar codes are disclosed such as counterfeit detection (using, e.g., one randomly selected binary digit) and crime control through accountability. Use of storage media with a detective element is disclosed as are efficient methods of storing information.