Method for controlling bivalves such as zebra mussels

Abstract

A method for enhancing the effect of a toxicant such as chlorine or potassium on bivalve molluscs such as zebra mussels. Application of serotonin or a serotonin agonist in low concentrations inhibits the mussels' ability to close their valves to protect themselves from the effect of any toxicants in the water. Thus administering serotonin or a serotonin agonist for a period of time, followed by administering a toxicant, substantially enhances the effect of the toxicant on the zebra mussels. Thus less of the toxicant need be administered to control zebra mussels. The concentration of serotonin needed to enhance toxicant control of exotic zebra mussels has been found to be at or below the threshold of serotonin activity on native bivalves, at least those native to the lower Mississippi River. Furthermore, serotonin is naturally degraded rapidly by aquatic microorganisms. Thus the serotonin itself is environmentally benign; and it allows the use of toxicants at lower levels than otherwise could be used, reducing any environmental impact of the toxicants. Serotonin agonists such as trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine may be used in place of serotonin.