Tube to tubesheet connection system

Abstract

A tube to composite tubesheet connection system for preventing fluid leakage from the shell to the tube side and from the tube side to the shell side of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Tubes are inserted through and fastened to an inner tubesheet structure. An outer tubesheet structure constituting a plurality of outer tubesheet covers cooperates with the tubes which protrude therethrough and with the inner tubesheet to form a plurality of cavities. The inter-tubesheet cavities about each row or column of tubes are interconnected in a variety of ways. Grooving at least one of the tubesheet structures about its tube holes provides groove-cavities which may be selectively interconnected by networks of holes formed in at least one of the tubesheet structures. Additional cavity interconnection systems include outer tubesheet covers grouped together in sets of cover strips which enclose furrows formed between selected cavities in the outer surface of the inner tubesheet and metallurgically partially refilled portions of a plurality of channels formed between selected cavities in the outer surface of the inner tubesheet. Cavities may also be provided by assembling concave or channel-shaped outer tubesheet covers with the tubes and the inner tubesheet structure. Such cavities must be interconnected by a plurality of hole networks primarily concealed within the inner tubesheet but which connect selected cavities. A final technique for selectively connecting the inter-tubesheet cavities is grooving at least one of the tubesheet structures about the tube holes so as to cause the grooves to intersect and thus connect, or more correctly, form the cavities. The aforementioned grooving connection, however, requires nonstandard tube pitches to limit the interconnections to predetermined, localized areas which facilitate isolation of tube leaks to such predetermined areas as single rows or columns of tubes.