The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document.
The patent badge is an abbreviated version of the USPTO patent document. The patent badge covers the following: Patent number, Date patent was issued, Date patent was filed, Title of the patent, Applicant, Inventor, Assignee, Attorney firm, Primary examiner, Assistant examiner, CPCs, and Abstract. The patent badge does contain a link to the full patent document (in Adobe Acrobat format, aka pdf). To download or print any patent click here.
Patent No.:
Date of Patent:
May. 11, 1976
Filed:
Dec. 30, 1974
Olav Torgeir Onsager, Suffern, NY (US);
Halcon International, Inc., New York, NY (US);
Abstract
Derivatives of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids are dimerized by reaction in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) at least one metal compound of the formula M(X).sub.n wherein M is zinc, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, iron, or cobalt, X is a halide and n is a number equal to the valence of the metal M and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing Lewis Base which is (1) a tertiary monoaryl amine of the formula, ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group with at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 containing at least two carbon atoms; or (2) a tertiary monobenzyl amine of the formula, ##EQU2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical; or (3) a tertiary di- or poly-functional amine which contains at least two Lewis Base nitrogen groups which are separated from each other by at least one carbon atom, and are (a) N-disubstituted amino groups wherein each N-substituent is the same or different and is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, benzyl, aryl radical or (b) N-heterocyclic groups containing 3 to 20 carbon atoms; or (4) an N-substituted heterocyclic amine wherein the N-substituent is an alkyl, benzyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical.