Methods of making deuterium-enriched n-acetylcysteine amide (d-naca) and (2r,2r)-3,3-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) (dinaca) and using d-naca and dinaca to treat diseases involving oxidative stress

Abstract

The present invention includes pharmaceutical composition comprising (2R,2R')-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) (diNACA), deuterated NACA-d, deuterated di-NACA-d, combinations thereof, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, having a deuterium enrichment above the natural abundance of deuterium, and derivatives or solids thereof, and methods of using diNACA, NACA-d, di-NACA-d, or combinations thereof, to treat eye diseases and other diseases associated with oxidative damage including, e.g., antivenom, beta-thallassemia, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, macular degeneration, contrast-induced nephropathy, asthma, lung contusion, methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, platelet apoptosis, Tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer disease, HIV-1-associated dementia, mitochondrial diseases, myocardial myopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation, skin in need of rejuvenation, antimicrobial infection, Friedreich's ataxia.