Electrophotographic member with surface layer comprising tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and fixing device, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus including electrophotographic member

Abstract

An electrophotographic member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the base layer, and a surface layer on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, a plurality of crystals of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having different circle-equivalent diameters is exposed on an outer surface of the surface layer, at least a part of an outer surface of the electrophotographic member is composed of a surface of the crystals and is roughened by the crystals, when an arithmetic-mean height Sa of each observation region in a specific region of the outer surface is determined, the electrophotographic member satisfies a specific relationship in a frequency distribution of the observation regions in which the arithmetic-mean height Sa is taken as a class and a class width is 0.05 μm.