Encoder, decoder, encoding method, and decoding method

Abstract

An encoding method is provided for encoding a picture to generate a coded stream. The encoding method includes: generating a first prediction image of a current block included in a current picture by referring to a first region included in a reference picture different from the current picture; operating a bi-directional optical flow process to generate a second prediction image based on the first prediction image by referring to a second region entirely included in the first region, the bi-directional optical flow process being performed without applying local illumination compensation; and encoding the current block based on the second prediction image.