Active material, method of manufacturing the same, electrode, and secondary battery

Abstract

An active material includes, as constituent elements, silicon, oxygen, a first element, a second element, and a third element. The first element includes boron, phosphorus, or both. The second element includes at least one of an alkali metal element, a transition element, or a typical element. The typical element excludes silicon, oxygen, boron, phosphorus, an alkali metal element, and an alkaline earth metal element. The third element includes an alkaline earth metal element. The content of silicon with respect to all the constituent elements excluding oxygen and carbon is 60 at % or greater and 98 at % or less. The content of the first element with respect to all the constituent elements excluding oxygen and carbon is 1 at % or greater and 25 at % or less. The content of the second element with respect to all the constituent elements excluding oxygen and carbon is 1 at % or greater and 34 at % or less. The content of the third element with respect to all the constituent elements excluding oxygen and carbon is 0 at % or greater and 6 at % or less. A first peak is detected in an XPS spectrum of Si2p relating to the active material. The XPS spectrum of Si2p is measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The first peak includes an apex within a range of a binding energy of 102 eV or greater and 105 eV or less, and a shoulder on a smaller binding energy side of the apex. A second peak is detected in a Raman spectrum relating to the active material. The Raman spectrum is measured using Raman spectroscopy. The second peak includes an apex within a range of a Raman shift of 435 cmor greater and 465 cmor less.