Liquid crystal diffraction element, optical element, image display unit, head-mounted display, beam steering, and sensor

Abstract

Provided are a liquid crystal diffraction element having a high diffraction efficiency irrespective of diffraction angles, an optical element including the liquid crystal diffraction element, and an image display unit, a head-mounted display, a beam steering, and a sensor including the liquid crystal diffraction element or the optical element. The liquid crystal diffraction element includes: an optically-anisotropic layer that is formed of a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal compound, in which the optically-anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, in a case where a length over which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound rotates by 180° in a plane is set as a single period, a length of the single period in the liquid crystal alignment pattern gradually changes in the one in-plane direction, in a cross-sectional image of the optically-anisotropic layer obtained by observing a cross-section taken in a thickness direction parallel to the one in-plane direction with a scanning electron microscope, the optically-anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions extending from one surface to another surface and each of the dark portions has two or more inflection points of angle, the optically-anisotropic layer has regions where tilt directions of the dark portions are different from each other in the thickness direction, and an average tilt angle of the dark portion gradually changes in the one in-plane direction.