Sequential mapping of cardiac arrhythmia without fiducial time reference

Abstract

A method for generating a propagation and velocity maps for cardiac wavefront propagation including cardiac arrhythmia, sinus rhythm, and paced rhythm. Activation time information is generated in the absence of any time alignment reference, wherein an estimated activation time is a weighted summation of potentially nonlinear and nonorthogonal candidate functions (CFs) selected from a bank of CFs. Time alignments between sequential recordings may be done by including binary level functions among selected CFs. Embodiments are applicable to single catheter mapping and sequential mapping, and are robust as confirmed by the ability to generate propagation maps and conduction velocity in the presence of multiple colliding wavefronts. The propagation and conduction velocity maps may be used for one or more of diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia, localizing cardiac arrhythmia, guiding catheter ablation therapy of cardiac arrhythmia, and guiding cardiac pacing therapy.