The Nutrasweet Company

Groupon, Inc.

Bytedance Inc.

Zhi Guo

Indra Prakash

Jerry R Ebner

William D McGhee

Arnold Hershman

Mark D Paster

Loraine M Klein

Anthony Joseph

Rahul Anand

Sandeep Dey

Pravin P Thampi

Jonathan Li On Wing

Kurt L Wachholder

Steve A Schroeder

Arnold Herschman

Lorraine M Klein

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, systems, and apparatuses for programmatically determining and adjusting electronic bid values for a digital content object using a machine learning model.

Method, system, and apparatus for programmatically determining and adjusting electronic bid values for a digital content object

The present disclosure is directed toward a system that allows a promotion and marketing system to provide promotions to users of the promotion and marketing system for establishments that are currently not affiliated with the promotion and marketing system.

Providing discounts to non-partner merchants

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, systems, and apparatuses for programmatically determining and adjusting electronic bid values for a digital content object based on different conversion rates during different network time periods.

Method, system, and apparatus for programmatically determining and adjusting electronic bid values for a digital content object based on conversion rates

The present disclosure is directed toward a system that allows a promotion and marketing system to provide promotions to users of the promotion and marketing system for established that are currently not affiliated with the promotion and marketing system.

3,3-Dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethybutanol. Intermediate 3,3-dimethylbutanol is obtained by reacting ethylene, isopropylene and a mineral acid to produce a 3,3-dimethylbutyl ester which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol. The hydrolysis step is effectively carried out by reactive distillation. Alternatively, 3,3-dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol obtained by reduction of the corresponding carboxylic acid or 1,2-epoxy-3,3-dimethylbutane, or by hydrolysis of 1-halo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Fixed bed gas phase and stirred tank liquid phase processes are provided for converted 3,3-dimethylbutanol to 3,3-dimethylbutanal by catalytic dehydrogenation.

Process for the preparation of 3,3-dimethylbutanal

3,3-Dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol. Intermediate 3,3-dimethylbutanol is obtained by reacting ethylene, isopropylene and a mineral acid to produce a 3,3-dimethylbutyl ester which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol. The hydrolysis step is effectively carried out by reactive distillation. Alternatively, 3,3-dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol obtained by reduction of the corresponding carboxylic acid or 1,2-epoxy-3,3-dimethylbutane, or by hydrolysis of 1-halo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Fixed bed gas phase and stirred tank liquid phase processes are provided for converting 3,3-dimethylbutanol to 3,3-dimethylbutanal by catalytic dehydrogenation.

N-&lsqb;N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl&rsqb;-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester is produced by hydrogenation of a mixture of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde and a precursor of L-&agr;-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester. In particular, N-&lsqb;N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl&rsqb;-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester is produced using an acid salt of L-&agr;-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester or N-protected L-&agr;-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester. The production method is efficient and low cost, as compared with conventional N-&lsqb;N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl&rsqb;-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester synthesis.

Synthesis of N-&lsqb;N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-&agr;-aspartyl&rsqb;-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester using L-&agr;-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester precursors

3,3-Dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol. Intermediate 3,3-dimethylbutanol is obtained by reacting ethylene, isopropylene and sulfuric acid to produce a 3,3-dimethylbutyl ester which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol. The hvdrolysis step is effectively carried out by reactive distillation. Alternatively, 3,3-dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol obtained by reduction of the corresponding carboxylic acid or 1,2-epoxy-3,3-dimethylbutane, or by hydrolysis of 1-halo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Fixed bed gas phase and stirred tank liquid phase processes are provided for converting 3,3-dimethylbutanol to 3,3-dimethylbutanal by catalytic dehydrogenation.

Dipeptide sweeteners are disclosed that are metal complexes of N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-.alpha.-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.p+ is selected from the group consisting of Al.sup.3+, Fe.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+ ; Y.sup.q- is selected from the group consisting of Cl.sup.-, SO.sub.4.sup.2-, PO.sub.4.sup.3- and CH.sub.3 COO.sup.- ; x is a number from 1 to 4 and pn=qm. Also disclosed is a liquid low-calorie sweetener containing such metal complexes.

Metal complexes of

Dipeptide sweeteners are disclosed that are sweetener salts of N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-.alpha.-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.m- is a conjugate base derived by deprotonation of an acidic sweetener, preferably saccharin, acesulfame, cyclamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid; and m=n. Also disclosed is a liquid low-calorie sweetener containing such basic salts.

Sweetener salts of

3,3-Dimethylbutyraldehyde is synthesized via hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 1-bromo-1-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane in the presence of water and a base and is purified via an aldehyde/bisulfite adduct.

Synthesis and purification of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde via hydrolysis

This invention provides a method for preparing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde from a tert-butyl cation precursor and vinyl chloride. The tert-butyl cation precursor is contacted with vinyl chloride in the presence of an inorganic acid, and the product is allowed to react with water to form 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde.

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Chicago, IL, United States of America

Zhi Guo