Hitachi, Ltd.

Babcock-hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha

Babcock-hitachi K.k.

Zensuke Tamura

Isao Sato

Yukio Hishinuma

Yoshihiro Uchiyama

Takashi Ohmori

Yoshimitsu Minakawa

Yoji Ishibashi

Toshihiko Takahashi

Shoichi Kimura

Shozo Nakamura

Fumito Nakajima

Michio Kuroda

Yuji Yoshitomi

Hidekazu Fujimura

Shigehisa Sugita

Hideaki Kamohara

Kiyoshi Fujiwara

Hidetoshi Akimoto

Fumio Shibata

Shoji Yoshinaga

Satoshi Tsukahara

Yasuaki Akatsu

Hiroshi Kanekiyo

Katsuaki Nagatomo

Toshihiko Sasaki

Yoshimasa Murakami

Syunzi Enomoto

Keiji Omura

Tadasi Takata

Teruo Nuwa

Yohji Ishibashi

Toru Kobashi

Ryoichiro Ohshima

In fuel gasification, particles of, for example, coal and an oxidant are supplied to a reactor, where the coal particles are gasified. The gas thus produced may contain molten slag entrained therein and such slag could subsequently solidify and affect other components of the coal gasification apparatus. Therefore a molten slag cooling heat exchanger is positioned directly above the reactor and this cools the gas so as to cause any molten slag therein to solidify. Hence, such molten slag does not reach an evaporator above the molten slag cooling heat exchanger, so that the efficiency of the evaporator will be maintained. However, solidified molten slag may build up on heat exchange tubes of the molten slag cooling heat exchanger. Therefore, the rate of coolant supplied to the molten slag cooling heat exchanger is varied, to cause expansion and contraction which causes solidified slag to be dislodged. Hence the efficiency of the molten slag cooling heat exchanger does not deteriorate. Cleaning gas and coal particles may be jetted onto the evaporator to dislodge ash or soot therefrom.

Method of fuel gasification and an apparatus for performing such a method

A premixture of compressed air and gaseous fuel is supplied and conbusted into a head combustion chamber of a combustor for gas turbine and main combustion of lean, low flame temperature is carried out in a rear combustion chamber following the heat combustion chamber to prevent the formation of high flame temperature which tends to promote NOx generation.

Combustor for gas turbine

A premixing swirling burner including a burner body having a swirling member at one end for causing fuel introduced into the burner body to flow in vortical form through the swirling member, a burner outer frame mounting the burner body and communicated with an air line for introducing air into the burner body, and a cylindrical member located in the burner outer frame for enclosing the burner body, with an air passage being defined between the inner periphery of the cylindrical member and an outer periphery of a portion of the burner body. A premixing chamber is defined between an outer periphery of a central portion of the burner body and an inner periphery of the cylindrical member for providing a fuel-air premix flowing toward the swirling member. A fuel chamber introduces fuel into the interior of the burner body, and a fuel ejection nozzle is located along an outer surface of the central portion of the burner body. A channel defined between the inner periphery of an end portion of the cylindrical member and an outer peripheral portion of the burner body formed an inlet for the premixing chamber has a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the air passage.

Premixing swirling burner

In combustion of gasified fuel by gasifying a low quality fuel and combusting the gasified fuel in a combustor, combustion of gasified fuel is controlled by sampling the gasified fuel at a constant flow rate at the upstream side of the combustor, combusting the sampled gasified fuel, detecting an overall energy level of sensible heat and heating value possessed per unit weight of the gasified fuel on the basis of the combustion temperature of the sampled gasified fuel, and controlling the flow rate of gasified fuel to be led to the combustor in accordance with a fluctuation in the detected overall energy level. Unstable combustion due to a fluctuation in the heating value of the gasified fuel and blow-out due to deficiency of the heating value can be prevented.

Method and apparatus for controlling combustion of gasified fuel

A gas turbine combustor comprising a combustor inner-pipe for forming a head combustion chamber and a rear combustion chamber having a diameter larger than a diameter of head combustion chamber. A combustor outer-pipe covers the combustor inner-pipe, and a fuel nozzle is disposed at an end part of the head combustion chamber for supplying fuel to said combustor inner pipe. A first group of ports are arranged for swirling and feeding air in an axial direction of the combustor inner-pipe. The first group of ports are around the fuel nozzle. A second group of ports for swirling and feeding air in a radial direction of said combustor inner-pipe are disposed in a side wall of the head combustion chamber near the fuel nozzle. A third group of ports for swirling and feeding air in a radial direction of the combustion inner-pipe and a fourth group of ports for feeding air in a radial direction of the combustor inner-pipe are provided and ar both disposed in a side wall of the head combustion chamber near the said rear combustion chamber. A fifth group of ports are disposed in a side wall of the rear combustion chamber near the head combustion chamber and a sixth group of ports are disposed in a side wall of the rear combustion chamber on a downstream side of the fifth group of ports. Another group of ports for swirling and feeding air into the head combustion chamber are disposed in a vicinity of a central portion of an end part of the head combustion chamber along an inner periphery of the fuel nozzle, with this group of ports and the first group of ports being constructed so that air flowing from both groups of ports has the same swirling direction.

Gas turbine combustor

A centrifugal type counterflow contact apparatus having a rotary body or drum intergrally mounted on a rotary shaft, and a plurality of ring members disposed within the rotary body such that circumferential slits are defined between the adjacent ring members in the axial direction of the rotary drum. The ring members have a cross sectional configuration inclined with respect to the axis of the rotary body. A light liquid is introduced into the periphery of the rotary body while a heavy liquid is introduced in the center portion of the rotary body. The heavy and light liquids flow countercurrently through the slits between the ring members under the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the rotary body, whereby extractability can be improved and accumulation of solids entrained in the feed can be avoided.

Centrifugal type counterflow contact apparatus

A refining process of a hot gas such as coal gas containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia comprises steps of contacting the hot gas with a first catalyst comprising iron oxide to remove hydrogen sulfide, and then contacting the hot gas with a second catalyst comprising reduced iron made by reducing iron oxide prior to introducing the hot gas into the catalyst to remove ammonia. The refining process further includes steps of temperature adjustment of the gas directing to the first and second catalyst and the removal of hydrogen sulfide remaining in the hot gas after the removal of the ammonia with a third catalyst comprising iron oxide.

Refining process of hot gas containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia

A high temperature, high pressure raw coal gas containing hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and tarry matter, is purified by contacting the raw coal gas with solid particles thereby cooling the raw coal gas to a temperature suitable for hydrogen sulfide removal and at the same time depositing the tarry matter onto the solid particles by condensation to recover the tarry matter from the raw coal gas, removing the hydrogen sulfide from the cooled and substantially tar-free coal gas, expanding the raw coal gas to a pressure suitable for ammonia decomposition, heating the expanded raw coal gas to a temperature suitable for ammonia decomposition by heat obtained by combusting the recovered tarry matter on the solid particles, thereby regenerating the solid particles for reuse, and then decomposing ammonia in the raw coal gas, thereby removing ammonia therefrom. A process for efficiently purifying raw coal gas by removing tarry matter, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, including effectively utilizing the recovered tarry matter to produce heat while also effectively utilizing the energy obtained by expanding the coal gas through a pressure-reducing means such as an expansion turbine.

Process and apparatus for purifying raw coal gas

A tube-hole structure for an expanded tube-to-tube-sheet joint which is formed by axially moving a rod within each tube member in each tube hole of the tube sheet by external drive means, thereby imparting an elastic mass placed inside the tube with a sufficient compressive load to expand the tube uniformly in the radial direction to provide a rigid joint between the tube and tube hole, characterized in that each tube hole has at least one circumferential groove with an axial dimension or length of 1.5/.beta. to 3.0/.beta. (.beta. being ##EQU1## WHERE R is the mean radius of the tube member to be expanded, t is the wall thickness of the tube, and .nu. is the Poisson's ratio).

Tube-hole structure for expanded tube-to-tube-sheet joint

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are removed from combustion waste gases by injecting gas (NH.sub.3) into the combustion waste gases in the presence of a metallic catalyst to deoxidize the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water, within a reaction tower having the catalysts moving through the reaction tower, so that thereafter the dust may be separated from the catalysts and the catalysts may be regenerated continuously, so that the regenerated catalysts may be returned to the reaction tower. The catalyst moves in a substantially closed path, and preferable downwardly through the reaction tower, with the ammonia gas and combustion waste gases moving in cross current through the reaction tower, with mixing being enhanced by a plurality of angled baffle plates. Regeneration is accomplished by washing the catalysts, particularly ferrous catalysts with water to remove ferric sulfates, thereafter providing ferrous sulfates on the surface of the ferrous catalysts, and thereafter heating the catalysts with combustion gases separate from the ammonia gases, to dry the catalysts prior to their moving into the portion of the reaction tower having therein the mixed ammonia gas and combustion waste gases.

Apparatus for elimination of nitrogen oxides from combustion waste gases

An active carbon suspension obtained by mixing particles of active carbon with water, and flue gas containing sulfur dioxide are introduced into a desulfurization column, wherein the flue gas is contacted with the active carbon suspension. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed into the active carbon suspension, thereby purifying the flue gas. On the other hand, the absorbed sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfuric acid by a catalytic action of the active carbon in the desulfurization column, and the resulting sulfuric acid is separated from the active carbon suspension.

Method for desulfurizing flue gas by active carbon suspension

A contaminant, such as sulfur dioxide, is removed from a fluid, such as hot exhaust gas, by passing it through beds of material for removing the contaminants, such as activated carbon for adsorbing the sulfur dioxide as sulfur trioxide; periodically, the bed is regenerated by discontinuing the passage of process fluid therethrough and passing through the bed a regenerating fluid, such as water, with quantities of the regenerating fluid being successively passed through the bed with corresponding decreasing amounts of contaminants, such as sulfuric acid within the water, in the respective quantities of regenerative fluid. At least one further bed of material is regenerated with substantially the same regenerative fluid in substantially the same succession of concentrations, but out of phase so that a quantity of regenerative fluid of one contaminant concentration is passed completely through only one bed of material prior to its passing through another bed of material. Preferably, after passing through one bed of material, the regenerative fluid is of the next highest concentration and passes through another bed of material in the sequence of the next highest concentration.

Adsorption method

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Hitachi, Japan

Zensuke Tamura