Seiko Epson Corporation

California Institute of Technology

Seiko Epson Kabushiki Kaisha

Yuzuru Sato

Takaaki Tanaka

Hiroaki Nomura

Akira Inoue

Kenichi Momose

Minoru Yazaki

Osamu Okumura

Akihiko Ito

Hiroshi Wada

Chiyoaki Iijima

William A Goddard, Iii

Hiroshi Iwane

Masamitsu Uehara

Gyeong S Hwang

Satoshi Kamada

Takashi Tanaka

Shiro Inui

Techniques for predicting the behavior of dopant and defect components in a substrate lattice formed from a substrate material can be implemented in hardware or software. Fundamental data for a set of microscopic processes that can occur during one or more material processing operations is obtained. Such data can include data representing the kinetics of processes in the set of microscopic processes and the energetics and structure of possible states in the material processing operations. From the fundamental data and a set of external conditions, distributions of dopant and defect components in the substrate lattice are predicted. The distributions of one or more fast components are each predicted by calculating the concentration of the particular fast component for a time period before that fast component reaches its pseudo steady state by solving a first relationship and calculating the concentration of that fast component after the time period by solving a second relationship based on other components, the pseudo steady state of a fast component being a state in which the concentration of that fast component is determined by concentrations of other components. The distribution of BsBi, in addition to the distributions of Bs, BsI, BsI, BsI, BsBi, BsBi, BsBi, BsBiI, BsBiI, BsBi, BsBi, I and I, are calculated by solving the first relationship to predict the distribution of boron after annealing, where Bs and Bi represent substitutional boron and interstitial boron, respectively, and I and Irepresent interstitial silicon and a cluster of n I's, respectively.

Method for predicting the behavior of dopant and defect components

A method of driving a liquid crystal that has a memory capability, wherein a reset voltage is initially applied to the liquid crystal during a reset period, to bring about a Fre&eacute;dericksz transition in the liquid crystal. During a subsequent selection period, a selection voltage that is selected on the basis of a critical value that brings about one of two metastable states in the liquid crystal is applied to the liquid crystal, and, during a non-selection period that follows the selection period, a non-selection voltage that is less than or equal to a threshold value that maintains two metastable states is applied to the liquid crystal. A delay period is provided between the reset period and the selection period, in order to gain effective timing for applying the selection voltage to the liquid crystal after the application of the reset voltage has been turned off. This shortens the length of the selection period, and hence the write time.

Method of driving a liquid crystal display device

A display characteristic of a high contrast ratio and a high transmittance through the application of a chiral nematic liquid crystal medium switchable between metastable states via Frederick's transition is utilized as a liquid crystal electrooptical element. The electrooptical element employs a white light source and is switchable between metastable states in which the polarization axes of both polarization plates are set to predetermined angles P and A according to the initial state of the liquid crystal medium and the product, R, of the thickness, d, and the difference, .DELTA.n, in the refractive indices of the liquid crystal medium for extraordinary light, n.sub.e, and ordinary light, n.sub.o (.DELTA.n=n.sub.e -n.sub.o).

Electrooptical element switchable between a plurality of metabstable

A high speed multiplex-driven liquid crystal display device is capable of utilizing a bistable nematic liquid crystal medium while maintaining high contrast, fast switching capability and a wide viewing angle. The chiral nematic liquid crystal medium has a twisted structure wherein a first voltage waveform applied in a first time period brings on Frederick's transition followed by a selected second voltage waveform applied in a second time period capable of generating one of two selectable metastable states representing switchable bistable states.

Liquid crystal display device having two metastable states and driving

A method of driving a liquid crystal that has a memory capability, wherein a reset voltage is initially applied to the liquid crystal during a reset period, to bring about a Freedericksz transition in the liquid crystal. During a subsequent selection period, a selection voltage that is selected on the basis of a critical value that brings about one of two metastable states in the liquid crystal is applied to the liquid crystal, and, during a non-selection period that follows the selection period, a non-selection voltage that is less than or equal to a threshold value that maintains two metastable states is applied to the liquid crystal. A delay period is provided between the reset period and the selection period, in order to gain effective timing for applying the selection voltage to the liquid crystal after the application of the reset voltage has been turned off. This shortens the length of the selection period, and hence the write time.

A method of driving a liquid crystal that has a memory capability, wherein a reset voltage is initially applied to the liquid crystal during a reset period, to bring about a Frederick's transition in the liquid crystal. During a subsequent selection period, a selection voltage that is selected on the basis of a critical value that brings about one of two metastable states in the liquid crystal is applied to the liquid crystal, and, during a nonselection period that follows the selection period, a nonselection voltage that is less than or equal to a threshold value that maintains two metastable states is applied to the liquid crystal. A delay period is provided between the reset period and the selection period, in order to gain effective timing for applying the selection voltage to the liquid crystal after the application of the reset voltage has been turned off. This shortens the length of the selection period, and hence the write time.

A liquid crystal composition which shows an antiferroelectric smectic phase in a wide temperature range including room temperatures, and allows high speed operation at a low voltage. A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one kind of compound expressed as ##STR1## shows an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline phase at room temperatures. In the above-mentioned formula, both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl groups, X.sub.1 is a bonding group, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are independently selected bonding groups, k, m and n are independently selected from 0 or the integer 1, Z is CF.sub.3 or CH.sub.3, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are groups independently selected from a six-membered ring optionally replaced with 0 to 2 nitrogen atoms, or a group in which 2 to 3 such six-membered rings of the same kind or different kinds are linked at the para positions directly or via one or more bonding groups, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in one or more such rings is optionally replaced with either fluorine atom, methyl group or ethyl group.

Liquid crystal compositions

Liquid crystal display device utilizing a chiral nematic liquid crystal

Driving method for liquid crystal electro-optical device

An electro-optical device includes at least two adjacent transparent twisted nematic liquid crystal cells, each cell having a twisted nematic liquid crystal with a twist angle greater than 90.degree. between a pair of spaced apart opposed substrates with electrodes selectively disposed thereon. A linear polarizer is disposed on an exterior surface of each of the two cells. One of the two cells includes a plurality of electrodes for selectively producing a desired display. Application of a suitable voltage to the second cell compensates for changes in ambient temperature conditions or undesirable thicknesses in the liquid crystal materials of the two cells to ensure that a monochromatic display having excellent contrast is produced by the device and compensates for elliptically polarized light emitted by the first cell so that the device produces substantially linearly polarized light.

Liquid crystal device having two super twisted nematic cells

Method for driving a liquid crystal element

A method and circuits for multiplex driving of a multielement liquid crystal display device having a ferroelectric liquid crystal therein. The method includes the step of applying at least one selecting electric field pulse having an amplitude which exceeds a threshold value of optical response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to each element during a selecting term. It further includes the step of applying at least one non-selecting electric field pulse having an amplitude which is no greater than threshold value to each element at a time other than the selecting term. The optical response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is determined in accordance with waveforms of the selecting and non-selecting pulses. According to the invention the duration of the non-selecting pulses is much smaller than the time between selecting terms. The width of the non-selecting pulses is minimized.

Growing community of inventors

Suwa, Japan

Yuzuru Sato