Showa Shell Sekiyu Kabushiki Kaisha

Yuvraj S Negi

Yoshihiko Aihara

Norio Yamamoto

Ichiro Kawamura

Tadaaki Isozaki

Nobuhiro Okabe

Yuichiro Yamada

Toru Ooide

Hioyuki Mogamiya

Tohru Ohode

A liquid crystal orientation controlling membrane, characterized by the polyimide membrane comprising the repeating unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 represents a diamine moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Ar.sub.2 represents tetravalent carboxylic acid moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## Another invention is a ferroelectric liquid crystal element or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal element using the polyimide orientation controlling membrane mentioned above. The present liquid crystal element is used to a large picture display with high resolution, a TV picture display with wide viewing angle and a liquid crystal optical shutter.

Liquid crystal orientation controlling membranes and liquid crystal

Liquid crystal compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is a C.sub.1-18 alkyl group or an aralkyl group, R' is haloalkyl group, X is --O--, --CO--, --COO-- or direct bond, Y is --COO--, --OCO-- or --CH.sub.2 O--, (A) and (B) each is ##STR2## and p and l each is zero or one.

Liquid crystal compound

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Tokyo, Japan

Yuvraj S Negi