Enrev Corporation

Advanced Charger Technology, Inc.

Electronic Power Technology, Inc.

Other

Enrey Corporation

Electronic Power Devices, Corp.

Yury M Podrazhansky

Yefim Y Kusharskiy

Richard Craig Cope

Boris Tsenter

Mikhail Y Podrazhansky

Phillip W Popp

Mikhail B Golod

Galina K Kusharskaya

Mikhail M Podrazhansky

Mikhail N Lyubich

A processor () controls the operation of the device and preferably provides for a plurality of operational algorithms or modes. A program switch () allows the user to select which algorithm will be used. The processor drives an inverter (), which drives a power amplifier or bridge (). The output of the bridgeis connected to one or more transducers. When the user presses the switch (A), the processor begins the algorithm. One or more of the transducers are placed on the patient's body in the area to be treated. The algorithms provide for lower-frequency and higher-frequency sweeps, which the transducers convert to microvibrations which, in turn, massage not only the muscles and the larger blood vessels, but also the smaller blood vessels and capillaries, and provide for improved blood circulation in the affected area, thereby relieving pain and enhancing recovery.

Method and apparatus for improving local blood and lymph circulation using low and high frequency vibration sweeps

A method for charging a battery, such as a lithium based battery, which applies different charge pulses and discharge pulses to the battery, takes voltage measurements during those charge pulses, discharge pulses, and rest periods between the charge pulses and discharge pulses, and determines whether to terminate or to continue charging the battery. The full sequence of charge pulses, discharge pulses, and rest periods, includes a plurality of charge pulses ( ), separated by rest periods ( ) and followed by a rest period ( ). This is then followed by a plurality of discharge pulses ( ), separated by rest periods ( ) and followed by a rest period ( ). This is then followed by a plurality of extended charge pulses ( ), separated by rest periods ( ) and followed by a rest period ( ). Then another discharge pulse ( ) is applied, followed by a rest period ( ). This is followed by a plurality of alternating charge pulses ( ) and discharge pulses ( ), separated by rest periods ( ) and followed by a rest period ( ). Then another plurality of discharge pulses ( ) is applied, separated by rest periods ( ) and followed by a rest period ( ). Open circuit voltage measurements taken during the rest periods, loaded circuit voltage measurements taken during the discharge pulses, and charge pulse voltage measurements taken during the charge pulses, are used to determine whether to continue or to terminate the charging of the battery.

Battery charger for lithium based batteries

Rapid determination of the condition or charge parameters of a battery, such as the present charge of the battery and the maximum charge capacity of the battery. A plurality of discharge pulses (,) and a plurality of rest periods (,) are applied to the battery. The battery voltage is then measured to provide voltages (,) during the rest periods, and/or voltages (,) during the discharge pulses. The voltage difference among selected one of the voltages are used to provide a difference voltage DELTA-L. The difference voltage DELTA-L is then used to determine a charge parameter of the battery, such as the maximum charge capacity or condition of the battery and the present charge in the battery. This information is then displayed to a user so that the user will know the present capacity and the present charge of the battery and can make an informed decision as to whether the battery is adequate for the project that the user has in mind, or to a subsequent process, such as a charging process.

Rapid determination of present and potential battery capacity

A battery is rapidly charged utilizing a bipolar waveform (,). The voltage, current, duration and frequency parameters of the bipolar waveform are selected to perform a number of actions: enhancing the mixing action at the battery electrodes; measuring the battery's capacitance, condition, and level of impedance; modifying the mass transport process inside the battery; and reducing the concentration of the diffusion layer, the polarization concentration, and the overpotential. This reduces internal heat generation by providing for more efficient ion transport, reduced concentration gradients, and increased diffusion rates and intercalation speeds. A bipolar waveform can be in the form of sine waves, or other wave shapes. A charge pulse (,) is preferably followed by a small technical rest period (,), after which a discharge pulse (,) is applied followed, in turn, by a rest period (,). The bipolar waveform (,) is superimposed on one or more of the above. A second discharge pulse (,) is then applied followed by another rest period (,). A second bipolar waveform (,) is superimposed on either the second discharge pulse (,) or the second rest period (,). The second bipolar waveform (,) allows a measurement of the battery capacitance to be obtained and an evaluation of the charge of the battery to be derived. The charge cycle is repeated until a measured battery parameter attains a desired value indicative of a charged battery.

Battery charger with enhanced charging and charge measurement processes

An apparatus and method for charging a battery are described in a technique wherein charge pulses are followed by discharge pulses and then first rest periods and other discharge pulses followed by second rest periods. Selected ones of the second rest periods are extended in time to enable a battery equilibrium to be established and the open circuit voltage of the battery to settle down and reflect an overcharging condition of the battery. By comparing the open circuit voltages measured during different extended second rest periods small voltage decreases can be reliably detected and used to determine an overcharging condition such as when gases are generated and affect the open circuit voltage. Once overcharging is detected the battery charging is stopped.

Method and apparatus for determining when to terminate charging of a

A charge pulse (200A) is applied to the battery (B). The open circuit voltage of each cell (C1-CN) is then measured during a first rest period (210A). A depolarization pulse (220A) is then applied to the battery. The open circuit voltage of each cell is then measured during a second rest period (210B). The open circuit voltages for the first and second rest periods for each cell are compared to yield a voltage difference (DELTA Y). This voltage difference is then compared with a threshold voltage (V THRESHOLD). If the voltage difference is greater than the threshold voltage then the cell is being charged too rapidly, or is being overcharged, so one or more of the charge cycle parameters are adjusted. Some of the charge cycle parameters are, for example, the charge pulse current amplitude, the charge pulse duration, the number of consecutive charge pulses, the depolarization pulse current amplitude, the depolarization pulse duration, the number of consecutive depolarization pulses, the duration of the rest periods, or a combination of these. Multiple charge pulses (200A, 200B) and depolarization pulses (220A, 220B, 220C) may also be used. These parameters may be adjusted for the battery as a whole and/or for each cell individually. The adjustment to the charge cycle parameters may also be made on a 'worst case' or a 'best case' cell basis, with this cell controlling the charge cycle parameters for all the cells. Several techniques for adjusting the charge cycle parameters are disclosed.

Equalization of series-connected cells of a battery using controlled

A method and an apparatus for adjusting the process of charging a battery so as to charge the battery as rapidly as possible while avoiding overheating of or damage to the battery. The method provides for applying a charging pulse (C1) which provides an average charging current, applying a first depolarizing pulse (D1), waiting for a first rest period (DW1), measuring the voltage (V1) at a predetermined point within the first rest period, applying a second depolarizing pulse (D2), waiting for a second rest period (DW2), measuring the voltage (V2) at the predetermined point within the second rest period, determining a difference between the voltage (V1) and the voltage (V2), and decreasing the average charging current if the difference is greater than a predetermined amount. The present invention also provides for determining whether the battery is low on water.

Control and termination of a battery charging process

A method and an apparatus (10) for equalizing the state of charge among a plurality of series-connected batteries (B1-BN). A module (12A-12N) is connected in parallel with each of the batteries (B1-BN), respectively. Each module (12A-12N) contains a voltage divider circuit (40) so that the voltage across a battery may be measured to determine the state of charge, and a circuit (43) which selectively shunts charging current around a battery or applies a discharging current to a battery. A charging transistor (30) applies a charging current to the series of batteries (B1-BN) and, depending upon the state of charge of each battery, a portion of the charging current may be shunted around the battery by its associated module (12) so as to prevent overcharging of the battery. A controller (14) monitors the state of charge of each of the batteries and the temperature of each of the batteries and adjusts the portion of the charging shunted around an individual battery so as to rapidly equalize the state of charge among the different batteries (B1-BN). This process is automatically conducted whenever a charging current is applied to the batteries so that the batteries are maintained in an equalized condition.

Method and apparatus for automatic equalization of series-connected

A method and an apparatus for rapidly charging a battery. The preferred charging method comprises applying one or more charging pulses (C1, C2), separated by a waiting period (CW1), with the last charging pulse, if there are more than one, being followed by a second waiting period (CW2). This is then followed by a series of discharging pulses (D1, D2, D3), which are separated by waiting periods (DW1, DW2), and followed by a last waiting period (DW3) before the occurrence of the next charging pulse (C1). The discharging pulses preferably have a magnitude which is approximately the same as the magnitude of the charging pulses but which have a duration which is substantially smaller than the duration of the charging pulses. The discharging pulses serve to create and disperse ions throughout the electrolyte of the battery so that the ions do not shield the plates of the battery from further charge transfer. Multiple discharge pulses are used rather than a single discharging pulse so that natural chemical and electrical gradients within the battery will serve to disperse the ions more evenly throughout the electrolyte. The use of discharging pulses of an extremely small duration does not cause any significant discharge of the battery but does increase the rate at which the battery can be charged and the efficiency with which the battery can be charged, thereby minimizing charging time and battery heating. Also disclosed are a method and an apparatus for thawing and charging a frozen battery, for formatting a new battery, for determining the state of formation of a battery, and for determining the state of charge of a battery.

Method and apparatus for charging, thawing, and formatting a battery

An improved method and device for rapidly charging a battery by providing a charge pulse to the battery, followed immediately by a depolarization pulse created by allowing the battery to discharge across a load, followed by a stabilization period, and repeating this sequence cyclically until the battery is charged is disclosed. Preferably, the current level of the charge pulse is equal to or greater than the nominal rated current at which the battery can discharge in an hour, in order to achieve rapid charging. The duration of the charge pulse will generally be about one-tenth to two seconds. The current level of the depolarization pulse may be approximately the same magnitude or greater than the charging current, but of significantly shorter duration, such as 0.2-5% of the duration, to avoid unnecessary discharging of the battery. The duration of the stabilization period is generally greater than the magnitude of the depolarizing pulse. By optimizing these time and current characteristics of the charge, depolarization and stabilization periods for any particular type of battery, the battery may be charged most rapidly while prolonging the life of the battery. These characteristics may also be varied as the battery is charged based on the charge of the battery measured under load.

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Alpharetta, GA, United States of America

Yury M Podrazhansky