Albemarle Corporation

Yunqi Liu

Gregory H Lambeth

Christopher J Nalepa

Kevin Coppola

Srinivasa S Godavarthy

Jacobus Nicolaas Louwen

Tse-Chong Wu

Charles R Everly

Stephen E Belmont

Augusto C Ibay

Charles D Varnado, Jr

Jacobus N Louwen

The disclosure includes brominated alkenyl alcohols, their use as a flame retardant in polyurethane and polyurethane foams, and polyurethanes containing the brominated alkenyl alcohols. Compositions, methods, and processes are disclosed. The brominated alkenyl alcohols used as flame retardants in polyurethanes can be generally described by Formula (I), the scope of which is disclosed herein.

Brominated flame retardants and polyurethanes containing the same

This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon or more, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20&#xb0; F. or less, and comprise water and one or more inorganic bromide salts, with the provisos that

High density aqueous well fluids

This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon to about 15.8 pounds per gallon, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20&#xb0; F. or less, and comprise water and two or more inorganic bromide salts, where the inorganic bromide salts include calcium bromide and cesium bromide. Processes for forming these zinc-free aqueous brine compositions are also provided.

This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon or more, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20&#xb0; F. or less, and comprise water and one or more inorganic bromide salts, with the provisos that when calcium bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, when lithium bromide is present, calcium bromide is absent, when bismuth(III) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, and for a true crystallization temperature of about 10&#xb0; F. or less, when manganese(II) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present. Processes for forming these zinc-free aqueous brine compositions are also provided.

Tri- or tetrafluorophthalimides are produced in a halogen-exchange reaction utilizing a metal fluoride salt and a dihydrocarbyl sulfoxide as the solvent. No phase-transfer catalyst is employed. The process has been found capable of producing the fully fluorinated phthalimide in yields of over 90% GC in reactions performed at 135-155 &deg; C. in reaction periods of as little as one hour even though no phase-transfer catalyst is employed.

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Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America

Yunqi Liu