Kobe Steel, Ltd.

Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho

Idemitsu Kosan Company, Limited

Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited

Asia Oil Company Limited

Nippon Brown Coal Liquefaction Co., Ltd.

Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

Idemitsu, Kosan Kabushiki-kaisha

Nippon Kattan Ekika Kabushiki Kaisha

Aziaseiyu Kabushiki Kaisha

Yukio Nakako

Yoichi Kageyama

Shizuo Yokota

Tetsuo Matsumura

Jun Imai

Toshio Ohzawa

Nobuyoshi Hirokoh

Hironori Kageyama

Osamu Okuma

Tomoji Takahashi

Haruo Kakunai

Akira Toyama

Kenjiro Motonaga

Masaaki Tamura

Yutaka Mito

Kaizaburo Saito

Toshio Ozawa

Shin-ichi Katsushima

Toshiaki Okui

Toshio Kanazawa

Shin-ichi Oya

Junichiro Nada

A process for converting coal to an oil fraction, which comprises subjecting coal to a first hydrogenation reaction, deashing the reaction product of the first hydrogenation reaction and subjecting the deashed liquefied oil to a second hydrogenation reaction, wherein coal, a solvent and hydrogenation-treated heavy oil components are supplied for the first hydrogenation reaction; from the first hydrogenation reaction product, at least a part of the oil fraction is obtained; from the first hydrogenation reaction product, a substantial amount of preasphaltene components is removed simultaneously with or independently of the deashing operation, and the deashed liquefied oil containing heavy oil components and not greater than 20% by weight of preasphaltene components thereby obtained, is supplied for the second hydrogenation reaction; from the second hydrogenation reaction product, an oil fraction and heavy oil components are separated and the heavy oil components are recycled to the first hydrogenation reaction in an amount of at least 20% by weight relative to the heavy oil components in said deashed liquefied oil.

Process for converting coal to an oil fraction

A method for hydrogenating a solvent-refined coal, comprising:

Method for hydrogenating a solvent-refined coal

A method for hydrogenating a solvent-refined coal by heating it under hydrogen pressure in a fixed bed, characterized in that a solvent-refined coal fraction containing no substantial amount of preasphaltene is used as the solvent-refined coal.

A method for the liquefaction of brown coal which comprises effecting primary hydrogenation at a temperature and pressure sufficient to promote the efficient hydrogenation of a slurry prepared by adding an iron-based catalyst and a slurrying solvent to brown coal; distilling all or a portion of the primary hydrogenation product, whereby a naphtha fraction, a middle distillate oil fraction, a heavy distillate oil fraction and a distillation residue are produced; recycling a portion of said middle distillate oil, said heavy distillate oil fraction and said distillation residue to said primary hydrogenation step as the slurrying solvent; removing ash from the remaining portion of the distillation residue, thereby separating the same into an insoluble fraction containing ash, insoluble organic matter or a mixture thereof, and a soluble fraction as a solution in said solvent; and feeding said soluble fraction and said middle and heavy distillate fractions, to a fixed-bed column reactor packed with a molybdenum-based catalyst for secondary hydrogenation at a temperature and pressure sufficient to promote the efficient hydrogenation thereof; and separating the naphtha fraction from the secondary hydrogenation product and recycling all or a portion of the remainder to said primary hydrogenation step as the slurrying solvent therefor.

Method of liquefying brown coal

A process for converting coal, comprising, subjecting a slurry composed essentially of coal, a hydrocarbon solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst to primary hydrogenation to liquify the coal, separating the ash content of said coal from the reaction product thereby obtaining a liquified product, subjecting at least a portion of the liquified product to secondary hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst thereby converting the liquified product to light oil product, the secondary hydrogenation step being a point of supply of hydrogenation catalyst to the coal conversion system, separating the hydrogenation catalyst from the reaction product of the secondary hydrogenation step, and returning said separated hydrogenation catalyst to the primary hydrogenation step where it is used as the catalyst for primary hydrogenation of said slurry.

Process for converting coal

Improvements in a process for reforming coal by subjecting a mixed slurry containing a hydrocarbon solvent and coal fines to hydrogenation reaction under high temperature and pressure conditions, gas-liquid separation, and distillation to obtain a solvent-refined coal, the improvements comprising: maintaining the reaction temperature and total reaction pressure within a hydrogenation reactor at 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. and 50 to 200 atms., and controlling the residence time distribution of reactants, excepting gaseous reactants, in the hydrogenation reaction zone to have an average residence time longer than 17 minutes, and to keep the quantity of the reactants which have a residence time shorter than 10 minutes in a proportion less than 20% by weight of the reactants.

Process for reforming coal

A coal liquefaction apparatus which comprises a slurry mixing tank, a preheater, a hydrogenation reactor, and a gas-liquid-solid separator or separators in series and a gas-liquid separator and at least one solid-liquid separator are interposed between the hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation cyclopolycondensation reactor which is positioned upstream of the final gas-liquid-solid separator. The coal liquefaction process comprises the steps of heat treating a slurry prepared by mixing coal fines with a hydrocarbon based solvent having a boiling point greater than 150.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C. and a pressure of 50 to 700 atms, thereby forming a gas-liquid-solid mixture; separating and removing solids from said gas-liquid-solid mixture as a reaction product; separating and removing a residuum liquid fraction from said mixture; and heat treating said residuum liquid fraction in the presence of hydrogen at a low partial pressure at a temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C. and a pressure of 50 to 700 atms.

Coal liquefaction process and apparatus therefor

A method is disclosed for thermal dehydration of brown coal, by which an excellent heat recovery can be accomplished. The method includes the steps of admixing raw brown coal with a solvent to prepare a slurry, preheating the slurry in a heat exchanger, heating the same at 100.degree. to 300.degree. C., passing it through a gas-liquid separator to separate it into a steam-containing vapor and a dehydrated slurry and recoverying the dehydrated slurry while the steam-containing vapor is recycled to the heat exchanger so as to be utilized as a heating medium for preheating the slurry.

Method for thermal dehydration of brown coal

A process for manufacturing metallurgical carbonaceous materials from coals, particularly coals of a low rank of coalification, in which coal fines and a hydrocarbon base solvent having a boiling point of 150.degree. to 500.degree. C. are mixed together into a slurry form, then the slurry is subjected to a first heat treatment wherein the slurry is treated in the presence of a mixture gas including carbon monoxide and steam under a pressure of 50 to 300 atms. and temperature of 300.degree. to 600.degree. C., and then the reaction product thus derived is subjected to a second heat treatment wherein the reaction product is treated in the presence of a hydrogen gas at a low partial pressure, at a pressure 10 mmHg to 250 atms, and temperature of 400.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Process for manufacturing metallurgical cabonaceous materials from coals

In a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of first heat-transfer elements (A) for a fluid of higher temperature and second heat-transfer elements (B) for a fluid of lower temperature joined alternately and adjacently and a suitable number of appropriately shaped fins disposed within said elements and wherein the heat exchange is performed between the fluid (a) of higher temperature and the fluid (b) of lower temperature and at least the fluid (a) is changed in phase during the heat exchange, the improvement of providing such a heat exchanger with the ability to rectify the condensate from the fluid (a) and to recover the rectified liquid, wherein the fins in the lower part of the element (A) are so arranged that the fluid (a) entering from a port into the element (A) flows upwards smoothly with contact with the liquid condensed from the fluid (a) at the upper part of the element (A), which flows down through the heat exchanger. The condensed liquid flows down through the fins and is taken out from a port provided at the lowest part of the element (A). Accordingly, condensation of a gaseous fluid and rectification of the resulting condensate are both performed with high efficiency in the same apparatus.

Heat exchanger with rectification effect

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Takarazuka, Japan

Yukio Nakako