Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Yuka Miyamoto

Toshiyuki Kabata

Hiroshi Tamura

Tetsuro Suzuki

Nozomu Tamoto

Tatsuya Niimi

Akihiko Matsuyama

Yohta Sakon

Hidetoshi Kami

Eiji Kurimoto

Hiroshi Ikuno

Yoshio Watanabe

Narihito Kojima

Hiroshi Nagame

Junichi Yamazaki

Toshio Fukagai

Katsuichi Ohta

Noriyuki Iwata

Katsuhiko Tani

Ryohichi Kitajima

Takuji Katoh

Tamotsu Aruga

An image forming apparatus contains a photoconductor having a support and a photoconductive layer disposed thereon. I(S) at the surface of the photoconductor and I(S) at the interface of the photoconductive layer on the support side are 5.0&#xd7;10or less and the sum of I(S)s is 3.0&#xd7;10or more. I(S)s are determined according to following Equations 2 and 3 after subjecting a group of data of N samples of height x(t) [&#x3bc;m] of a profile curve at the surface or of one at the interface to discrete Fourier transform according to following Equation 1, the N samples being taken at intervals of &#x394;t [&#x3bc;m] in a reference line direction. wherein n and m are each an integer; N is 2, where &#x3c1; is an integer. 

Image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus contains a photoconductor having a support and a photoconductive layer disposed thereon. I(S) at the surface of the photoconductor and I(S) at the interface of the photoconductive layer on the support side are 5.0&#xd7;10or less and the sum of I(S)s is 3.0&#xd7;10or more. I(S)s are determined according to following Equations 2 and 3 after subjecting a group of data of N samples of height&#xd7;(t) [&#x3bc;m] of a profile curve at the surface or of one at the interface to discrete Fourier transform according to following Equation 1, the N samples being taken at intervals of &#x394;t [&#x3bc;m] in a reference line directionwherein n and m are each an integer; N is 2, where &#x3c1; is an integer

Image forming apparatus with electrostatic charger

An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &#x3c3;&#x2266;D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &#x3bc;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &#x3bc;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &#x3c3; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the photoreceptor

Image forming apparatus, image forming method, process cartridge, photoconductor and method of preparing photoconductor

A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t) (&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t (&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated are disclosed.

Photoreceptor, method of evaluating a photoreceptor, and method of producing the photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &sgr;&lE;D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &mgr;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &mgr;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &sgr; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t)(&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t(&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated are disclosed.

Photoreceptor, method of evaluating the photoreceptor, method of producing the photoreceptor, and image formation apparatus using the photoreceptor

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Shizuoka, Japan

Yuka Miyamoto