Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Koito Manufacturing Company, Ltd.

Yuji Sakurai

Takashi Kusaba

Atsushi Tanaka

Kazutoshi Ishida

Akihiko Nakazawa

Hidekazu Matsuda

Masaki Yamada

Ryo Sugiyama

Hiroyuki Kobayashi

Tsunenori Ashibe

Minoru Nakamura

Toru Ishii

Kunimasa Kawamura

Takashi Koyanagi

Kenta Matsunaga

Shohei Urushihara

Ryota Kashiwabara

Genya Anan

Hiroshi Morishita

Rieko Takabe

Takao Muramatsu

Tsukasa Tokida

Kentarou Nakamura

Motohiro Komatsu

Masahiro Kurachi

Hiroya Koizumi

Kenji Yamada

Masaaki Nakabayashi

Sosuke Yamaguchi

Akihiro Matsumoto

Mitsuru Okuda

Norimasa Yamamoto

Asami Nakada

Hiroki Ishibashi

Yoshinobu Ogawa

Koji Uchino

Takashi Terayama

Noriaki Ito

Tomoaki Otani

Manabu Maeda

Akihiko Nakazwa

Hidehiko Matsuda

Provided is an electrophotographic member in which density unevenness of an image is less likely to occur even in the case of outputting an image after standing in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long period of time. The electrophotographic member includes: an electroconductive substrate; an electroconductive elastic layer on or above the substrate; and an insulating portion on the elastic layer, an outer surface of the electrophotographic member being composed of an outer surface of the insulating portion and an outer surface of the elastic layer that is not covered with the insulating portion, wherein the elastic layer contains a urethane resin as a first resin, and the elastic layer has a region from the outer surface of the elastic layer constituting the outer surface of the electrophotographic member to a depth of 1 &#x3bc;m, the region further containing a second resin.

Electrophotographic member, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

The developing roller includes an electro-conductive substrate and a covering layer on the electro-conductive substrate, the covering layer including a matrix and an electro-conductive particle dispersed in the matrix, an arithmetic mean value of the current value is 300 pA or less and the standard deviation of the current value is 0.1-fold or less of the current value, a standard deviation of a potential is 3.0 V or more, and an arithmetic mean value of a volume resistivity is 10&#x3a9;&#xb7;cm or less, and a standard deviation of the volume resistivity is 1-fold or more of the arithmetic mean value of the volume resistivity.

Developing roller, process cartridge and image forming apparatus

The developing member includes a substrate, and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, wherein the electroconductive layer has electrically insulating domains on an outer surface thereof, the domains being independent from each other, the developing member has an outer surface including a surface of the electroconductive layer and surfaces of the domains, and wherein, when each of the domains is orthographically projected onto the surface of the electroconductive layer, defining respective areas of projected images of the domains as S, and defining respective areas of convex envelopes of the projected images as H, at least one domain satisfies the relation represented by 0.05&#x2264;S/H&#x2264;0.80.

Developing member having outer surface with independent electrically insulating domains, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic member which can suppress adhesion of the toner component and fogging even in the case of printing a large number of sheets. The electrophotographic member includes an electroconductive support and an elastic layer and has convex portions composed of the elastic layer on a surface of the electrophotographic member and a filled portion containing a resin at a valley portion between the convex portions, the filled portion has a height lower than heights of the convex portions, and the surface of the electrophotographic member has a specific Martens hardness.

Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Provided is a member for electrophotography that enables stable formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image even when used as a developing member over a long period of time. The member for electrophotography includes: a support; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the support; and a plurality of electrically insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, in which a surface of the member for electrophotography includes surfaces of the electrically insulating domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer free of being covered by the electrically insulating domains, and in which the electrically insulating domains each contain a resin having a specific structure.

Member for electrophotography, developing apparatus, and electrophotographic apparatus

A developing member includes a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer on the conductive substrate, and a plurality of insulating domains on the conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface of the developing member includes the surfaces of the insulating domains and an exposed portion of the conductive elastic layer not covered with the insulating domains. The conductive elastic layer contains a resin and an anion, wherein the resin has a specific cationic structure synthesized from an ion conductive agent composed of a cation including at least one reactive functional group and an anion and a compound that can react to the ion conductive agent.

Developing member, method of producing developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

Developing apparatus, electrophotographic process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Developing roller, with conductive elastic layer having exposed protrusions, cartridge and apparatus

A vehicular rear panel with a new configuration is provided. The vehicular rear panel according to an aspect of the present disclosure is made of a resin material and disposed on a rear vehicle body part. The vehicular rear panel includes a light guiding unit configured to guide light from the light source along an extending direction of the vehicular rear panel and a light emitting unit configured to emit light in the light guiding unit to a rear side of a vehicle.

Vehicular rear panel

Provided is a member for electrophotography that can achieve both an improvement in toner-conveying force under high temperature and high humidity, and excellent charge-providing performance for a toner, at high levels. The member for electrophotography includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrically insulating domains formed in a partial region on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a Martens hardness of 0.10 N/mmor more and 3.00 N/mmor less. In the surface of the member for electrophotography, the exposure ratio of the electro-conductive elastic layer per the area of a square 300 &#x3bc;m on a side is 50% to 90%, and the average of the areas of the portions of the respective plurality of electrically insulating domains to be brought into contact with the electro-conductive elastic layer is 300 &#x3bc;mor more and 10,000 &#x3bc;mor less.

Member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

A high quality developing member that is excellent in deformation recovery property under a high temperature and that also satisfies filming resistance under a low temperature is provided. The developing member of the present invention includes a mandrel, an elastic layer formed on the outer periphery surface of the mandrel, and a surface layer covering the outer periphery surface of the elastic layer, wherein the surface layer contains a first resin and a second resin, the first resin has a particular structure between adjacent two urethane linkages, and the second resin is a resin having a particular structure and having a glass transition point Tg of 20&#xb0; C. or higher and 120&#xb0; C. or lower.

Developing member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A high-quality developing member which excels in filming resistance and excels in leak resistance despite high electroconductivity is provided. The developing member includes an electroconductive substrate, an elastic layer formed on the substrate, and a surface layer which covers a surface of the elastic layer. The surface layer includes a first resin which has, between two adjacent urethane linkages, a structure represented by the structural formula (1) and one or both of structures selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by the structural formula (2) and a structure represented by the structural formula (3), a second resin which has a structure represented by the structural formula (4) and one or both of structures selected from the group consisting of a structure represented by the structural formula (5) and a structure represented by the structural formula (6), and an electronically conductive filler.

Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

The present invention provides a developing member onto which a toner or the like is hard to fuse and with which toner conveying performance is unlikely to vary even through long-term usage. The developing member includes a substrate and a surface layer, the surface layer contains a polyurethane resin working as a binder resin and polyurethane resin particles dispersed in the binder resin, and the polyurethane resin working as the binder resin has, between two adjacent urethane bonds, a structure represented by a structural formula (1) and one or both of structures represented by structural formulas (2) and (3), and further has, between two adjacent urethane bonds, a structure represented by a structural formula (4).

Developing member, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

A developing roller which is excellent in image quality and image durability and stably outputs a uniform image, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the developing roller are provided. The developing roller has a mandrel, an elastic layer and a surface layer covering the elastic layer surface, wherein the surface layer contains a urethane resin having at least one structure of the followings A) and B) between two adjacent urethane linkages: A) a structure represented by the following structural formula (1), and at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following structural formulae (2) and (3), and B) a structure represented by the following structural formula (4), and the surface layer contains polyurethane resin particles of which the elastic part of the indentation work based on ISO 14577-1 is 80% or more, is obtained: 

Developer support member, electrophotographic process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Provided is a developing member capable of exerting stable performance under various environments. The developing member comprises a mandrel, an elastic layer formed on a periphery of the mandrel, and a surface layer covering a peripheral surface of the elastic layer. The surface layer contains a polyurethane and zinc oxide particles dispersed in the polyurethane, and the polyurethane has, between two adjacent urethane bonds, one or both of structures selected from structures according to the following item (A) and the following item (B): (A) a structure represented by the following structural formula (1), and one or both of structures selected from a structure represented by the following structural formula (2) and a structure represented by the following structural formula (3); and (B) a structure represented by the following structural formula (4). 

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Susono, Japan

Yuji Sakurai