Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba

Nippon Steel Corporation

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation

Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation

Toshiba Materials Co., Ltd.

Hochiki Corporation

Yuichiro Yamamoto

Mitsuaki Kato

Hiroshi Ohno

Shinji Saito

Kei Kaneko

Masataka Shiratsuchi

Katsumi Hisano

Rei Hashimoto

Tsutomu Kakuno

Shinichi Tatsuta

Tomohiro Takase

Akiko Hirao

Kazuki Matsumoto

Tomonao Takamatsu

Yuji Kubota

Taizo Makino

Hiromichi Hayashihara

Yukiteru Takeshita

Takeshi Morino

Hideo Tamura

Toshiyuki Hata

Yoshinori Honguh

Masahiko Yamamoto

Takanori Kato

Takayoshi Moriyama

Minoru Yonezawa

Masatoshi Hirono

Katsuo Iwata

Masahiko Tanaka

Yutaka Wakasu

Takayuki Kamimura

Takeshi Tanigawa

Naomitsu Mizui

Makoto Yamazaki

Yoshinori Kaminaka

Yumi Hanyuda

Kentaro Kiriyama

Chihiro Kozuka

Tadashi Sugiyama

Hiroshi Ito

Junya Murata

Yoshifusa Saito

Shunichi Shoji

Kiyonobu Sugae

The railway axle according to this disclosure has a pair of fitting portions and which each include a fitting portion hardened layer and a base metal portion, and a center parallel portion which includes a center parallel portion hardened layer and the base metal portion. The base metal portion has the chemical composition described in the description. In a region having the Vickers hardness of 480 HV or more in the center parallel portion hardened layer, a dislocation density ρ obtained based on a CoKα characteristic X-ray diffraction result is 2.5×10mor less, a half-value width B of the (211) diffraction plane is 1.34 degrees or less, and the dislocation density ρ and the half-value width B of the (211) plane obtained by X-ray diffraction satisfy Formula (1).(−4.8×10+8.5×10)/ρ≥1.00  (1)

Railway axle

Provided is a rail vehicle axle having an excellent fatigue limit and notch factor. A rail vehicle axle according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.20 to 0.65%, Mn: 0.40 to 1.20%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Sn: 0.07 to 0.40%, N: 0.0200% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.30%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Cr: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.08%, Al: 0 to 0.100%, V: 0 to 0.060%, and Ti: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formulae (1) and (2):0.58≤C+Si/8+Mn/5+Cu/10+Cr/4+V≤0.67  (1)Si+0.9Cr≥0.50  (2)

Rail vehicle axle

A quantum cascade laser of an embodiment includes a semiconductor stacked body in which a ridge waveguide is provided. The semiconductor stacked body includes an active layer including a quantum well region including a layer including Al; and the active layer emits laser light. The layer that includes Al includes first regions, and a second region interposed between the first regions; the first region includes Al oxide and reaches a prescribed depth inward from an outer edge of the active layer along a direction parallel to a surface of the active layer in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis; and the second region does not include Al oxide.

Quantum cascade laser and method for manufacturing same

A semiconductor laser wafer includes a substrate, a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a composition evaluation layer. The active layer is provided on the first semiconductor layer; multiple periods of pairs of a light-emitting multi-quantum well region and an injection multi-quantum well region are stacked in the active layer; the light-emitting multi-quantum well region is made of a first compound semiconductor and a second compound semiconductor. The second semiconductor layer is provided on the active layer. The composition evaluation layer is provided above the active layer and includes a first film and a second film; the first film is made of the first compound semiconductor and has a first thickness; and the second film is made of the second compound semiconductor and has a second thickness.

Semiconductor laser wafer and semiconductor laser

A surface-emitting quantum cascade laser of an embodiment comprises a substrate, an active layer, and a photonic crystal layer. The active layer has optical nonlinearity, and is capable of emitting a first and a second infrared laser light. The photonic crystal layer includes a first and a second region. The rectangular grating of the first region is orthogonal to the rectangular grating of the second region. The first infrared laser light has a wavelength corresponding to a maximum gain outside a first photonic bandgap in a direction parallel to a first side of two sides constituting the rectangular grating. The second infrared laser light has a wavelength corresponding to a maximum gain outside a second photonic bandgap in a direction parallel to a second side of the two sides of the rectangular grating.

Surface-emitting quantum cascade laser

In one embodiment, an illumination device includes a light-guiding unit having a light output surface which outputs light and a back surface facing the light output surface, wherein the light-guiding unit has a curved surface in a region of the back surface farther than a first position on the back surface that is away by a first distance from an axis passing the light output surface and the back surface, and a rough surface in a region of the light output surface farther than a second position on the light output surface that is away by a second distance from the axis in a same direction as a direction from the axis toward the first position, and where an intersection of the axis and the back surface is an origin point, and a direction of the axis from the back surface to the light output surface is positive, a normal line of the curved surface intersects with the axis at the positive side of the axis, and an angle formed by a normal line vector at the second position in a direction toward the light output surface from the back surface of the light output surface and a vector in a direction from the curved surface to the second position is equal to or more than a critical angle.

Illumination device and light-guiding member

A steel for wheel contains, in mass %, C: 0.65 to 0.84%, Si: 0.4 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.40%, Cr: 0.02 to 0.13%, S: 0.04% or less and V: 0.02 to 0.12%, wherein Fn1 expressed by formula (1) is 32 to 43, and Fn2 expressed by formula (2) is 25 or less, the balance being Fe and impurities. P, Cu and Ni as impurities are P: 0.05% or less, Cu: 0.20% or less and Ni: 0.20% or less:Fn1=2.7+29.5'C+2.9'Si+6.9'Mn+10.8'Cr+30.3'Mo+44.3'V&#x2003;&#x2003; (1)Fn2=exp(0.76)'exp(0.05'C)'exp(1.35'Si)'exp(0.38'Mn)'exp(0.77'Cr)'exp(3.0'Mo)'exp(4.6'V)&#x2003;&#x2003;(2).The steel has excellent properties for use as a wheel.

Steel for wheel

According to one embodiment, a lighting apparatus includes a light source which includes a light emitting surface, and a light guide provided to be coaxial with an axis which extends along a direction perpendicular to the light emitting surface. The light guide includes: an incident plane facing the light emitting surface; an outer circumferential surface configured to protrude in a direction extending away from the light source so as to surround the axis from an outer periphery of the incident surface and so as to totally reflect light from the light source which is made to enter the light guide from the incident surface; and a hollow part provided at a position distant in the axis direction from the incident surface. The hollow part includes a first light diffusing surface parallel to an axis along which the light totally reflected on the outer circumferential surface is led.

Lighting apparatus and light guide

An LED lighting device of embodiment comprising an LED light source which generates an ultraviolet light or a visible light, an axisymmetric transparent member which is provided over the light source and which is transparent to visible light, and an axisymmetric light scattering member disposed in the transparent member apart from the light source. A distance of closest approach Lbetween the light source and the light scattering member, and an area C of a light emitting surface of the light source satisfy the settled relation. A length Lof the light scattering member, and an absorption coefficient &#x3bc; (1/mm) of the light scattering member satisfy the settled relation. A diameter dof the bottom surface of the light scattering member, the distance of closest approach Land a refractive index n of the transparent member satisfy the settled relation.

LED lighting device

A light guiding body that guides light includes, a light guiding portion, and an introducing portion including a plane of incidence and a curvature surface connected to the plane of incidence to guide the light to the light guiding portion by being connected to the light guiding portion, wherein an angle &#x3b8;formed by a line segment connecting a first point on the plane of incidence and a second point on the curvature surface and a normal of the curvature surface at the second point satisfies &#x3b8;&#x2267;sin(1/n), where n is an index of refraction of the light guiding body.

Light guiding body and lighting system

A lighting unit according to one embodiment includes a board, a support member, and a plurality of heat radiation fins. A light emitting element is disposed on a first surface of the board. The support member has an interior surface on which a second surface of the board that is opposite to the first surface is disposed to be in contact therewith to enable heat conduction from the board to the support member. The heat radiation fins are disposed on an exterior surface of the support member substantially parallel with each other and with a clearance between each other, and each having a flat shape that extends outwardly from the exterior surface.

Lighting unit and lighting device

A method for reproducing a hologram includes: irradiating a recording disc with a first reference beam and a second reference beam, both having a parallel light flux, in different directions at a same incident angle to form a hologram having an unslanted grating pattern in which a grating vector is parallel to a light incident surface of the recording disc; irradiating the hologram with the first reference beam or the second reference beam to extract reproduced light; and detecting a position where an intensity of the reproduced light is maximum.

Method for reproducing hologram

An optical information recording/reproducing apparatus includes an optical mechanism that collects an information beam and a reference beam to an optical information recording medium that has a diffraction grating and an information recording layer by using interference fringes produced due to interference between the both beams which are converted from an irradiation beam for recording or reproduction and that guides a servo irradiation beam into the diffraction grating and causes the servo irradiation beam to be transmitted through the diffraction grating, a photodetector that detects a diffracted beam diffracted by the diffraction grating and transmitted therethrough, and an adjusting unit that controls a drive unit to adjust a position or an angle between the optical information recording medium and the optical mechanism based on the intensity of the detected diffracted beam.

Optical information recording/reproducing apparatus, diffraction-grating fabricating apparatus, optical information recording medium, and positioning control method

An optical-information recording medium includes a substrate that includes a servo surface having a servo pattern thereon; an information recording layer laminated on the servo surface of the substrate capable of recording information as a hologram produced by interference between an information beam containing the information and a reference beam; an address servo area that is formed as a part of the servo pattern, and that records therein address information and clock information for aligning a beam, emitted from an optical-information recording apparatus for recording information in the information recording layer, to a target position in the information recording layer; and a following up servo area that is formed as a part of the servo pattern, and that is to be irradiated by the beam to make the beam follow a rotation of the optical-information recording medium.

Medium, apparatus, and method of recording optical-information

An optical head device includes a light source which emits a light beam, an objective lens which condenses the light beam on the optical disk, a condensing lens which condenses reflected light from the optical disk, a liquid crystal panel disposed near a focal point of the condensing lens and having pixels, a driver which drives the pixels of the liquid crystal panel to pass the reflected light from a reproduction layer of the optical disk and partially interrupt the reflected light from a non-reproduction layer of the optical disk, and a photodetector which detects light passed through the liquid crystal panel.

Optical head device

Growing community of inventors

Yokohama, Japan

Yuichiro Yamamoto