New York University

Bar-ilan University

Yu-Ming Hung

Andrew David Kent

Lior Klein

Mordechai Schultz

Yevgeniy Telepinsky

A multi-state MRAM device comprises N overlapping ovals defining a free ferromagnetic region. The size of the free ferromagnetic region is controlled the shape anisotropy of the configuration via at least a aspect ratio greater than 2, of the free ferromagnetic region. The free ferromagnetic region has a magnetic moment spontaneously aligned along the long axis in each oval outside the center region. A center magnetic moment has a multitude of exactly 2*N stable orientations determined by the magnetic moments in the segments of the ovals outside the center region. An embodiment is an MRAM device using tunneling junctions to achieve a multi-state memory configuration. Certain embodiments includes an electrically conducting heavy-metal layer disposed adjacent to and connected with the free ferromagnetic region. Some embodiments include a topological insulating material, such as BiSe. Magnetic moment reversal in the ovals may be determined by spin-transfer torque associated with the electrically conducting layer.

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New York, NY, United States of America

Yu-Ming Hung