Takeda Chemical Industries, Inc.

Takeda Chemical Ind., Ltd.

Yoshio Yamazaki

Yoshio Kamatani

Hisayoshi Okazaki

Ko Imai

Noriaki Fujita

Katsuhiko Ogino

Koichi Kato

Masao Ogawa

Takeshi Takahashi

Seizi Igarasi

Yutaka Miyashiro

Kenji Kawahara

Toshiyuki Takahashi

A matrix comprising a water-insoluble .beta.-1,3-glucan gel in the shape of beads with diameters within the range of about 5 to 1000.mu. is prepared by, for example, dispersing an alkaline aqueous solution of a water-soluble .beta.-1,3-glucan in a water-immiscible organic solvent, and adding an organic acid to the resultant dispersion. The matrix is useful as carrier materials for immobilized enzymes, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, ion exchange and other applications.

Polysaccharide beads

A matrix comprising a water-insoluble .beta.-1,3-glucan gel in the shape of beads with diameters within the range of about 5 to 1000 .mu. is prepared by, for example, dispersing an alkaline aqueous solution of a water-insoluble .beta.-1,3-glucan in a water-immiscible organic solvent, and adding an organic acid to the resultant dispersion. The matrix is useful as carrier materials for immobilized enzymes, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, ion exchange and other applications.

.beta.-1,3-Glucan derivatives, which are produced by reacting a water-insoluble .beta.-1,3-glucan with a cyanogen halide, are a useful water-insoluble carrier of high reactivity for the production of water-insoluble enzymes and of carrier-ligand products suitable for affinity chromatography.

.beta.-1,3-Glucan derivatives

Calcium cis-epoxysuccinate whose average particle size is not larger than 100 micron is converted into calcium L(+)-tartarate by a microorganism in a high concentration and in a better yield. This process is accelerated in the presence of a nonionic type surfactant of the medium.

Method for producing L(+)-tartaric acid

Calcium cis-epoxysuccinate is converted into calcium L(+)-tartarate by a microorganism in a high concentration and is a better yield. This process is accelerated in the presence of a nonionic type surfactant of the medium.

Production of L(+)-tartaric acid

L(+)-tartaric acid is produced in a high efficiency from cis-epoxysuccinic acid by a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium or Rhizobium.

A new method for production of a cephalosporin ester (I) which comprises reacting a derivative of an organic acid (II) with a 7-aminocephem compound (III) in the presence of an enzyme of a microorganism of one of the genera Escherichia, Bacillus, Proteus and Pseudomonas: ##SPC1## ##EQU1## ##SPC2## wherein R is an unsaturated six-membered carbocyclic ring or five-membered heterocyclic ring residue which may optionally have uncharged substituent groups; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an uncharged substituent group such as hydroxyl or halogen; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group which is bound through an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom; COOR.sup.3 is a group which may easily be converted to COOH.

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Toyonaka, Japan

Yoshio Yamazaki