Nhk Spring Co., Ltd.

Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd.

Yoshio Kobayashi

Ken Takahashi

Toshiaki Sato

Michihiko Ayada

Masahiro Umezawa

Akihiko Nishikawa

Mitsuhiro Sugiyama

Kenji Yamamotoya

Hideto Enomoto

Tomotake Kato

Taichi Inage

Suguru Kajigaya

Shinichi Nishizawa

Nobuhisa Yasuda

Koichi Ando

Susumu Hyodo

A suspension coil spring includes a lower end turn portion, an upper end turn portion, and a helical effective portion formed between the end turn portions. The lower end turn portion includes a first portion which contacts a lower spring seat irrespective of a load, and a second portion which contacts the lower spring seat or is separated from the same according to the load. The wire diameter of the second portion is greater than that of the first portion and an average wire diameter of the effective portion. The upper end turn portion includes a third portion which contacts an upper spring seat, and a fourth portion. The wire diameter of the fourth portion is greater that of the third portion and the average wire diameter of the effective portion.

Suspension coil spring

In a design method of torsion bars used for a trunk lid, free shapes of the torsion bars unhitched from the trunk lid are designed. A center line model of the initial free shape is geometrically and statically created on the basis of a design specification. The center line model of an open shape is created from the free shape model and is deformed into a center line model of a closed modified shape. The center line models of the analyzed closed shape and the target closed shape is compared with each other to obtain a difference torque and a difference vector occurring between corresponding nodes on the center lines. The center line model is so changed as to decrease the difference torque and the difference vector.

Method of designing torsion bars used for trunk lid

A strut-type suspension includes a compression coil spring, a lower spring seat, an upper spring seat, and a shock absorber. The compression coil spring is disposed at a position offset to the outer side of a vehicle with respect to the shock absorber. The compression coil spring is mounted in a vehicle body in such a state that it is compressed between spring seats. The compression coil spring includes a large-diameter wire portion and a small-diameter wire portion. The large-diameter wire portion is provided in a vehicle inner-side portion of the compression coil spring. The small-diameter wire portion is provided in a vehicle outer-side portion. A wire diameter of the large-diameter wire portion is greater than a wire diameter of the small-diameter wire portion.

Strut-type suspension and compression coil spring for suspension

A knee-action-type suspension is provided with an arm member, a compression coil spring, and a shock absorber. The coil spring is extended and retracted between a full-rebound state and a full-bump state in accordance with the magnitude of a load applied to a vehicle body. A wire of the coil spring includes a large-diameter wire portion, a small-diameter wire portion, and a wire diameter varying portion. The large-diameter wire portion is provided in a first portion of the coil spring, which is on the side near to a pivot. The small-diameter wire portion is provided in a second portion of the coil spring, which is on the side far from the pivot. A wire diameter of the large-diameter wire portion is greater than a wire diameter of the small-diameter wire portion.

Suspension and compression coil spring for suspension

A flue gas containing SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x and O.sub.2 is washed with an alkaline aqueous solution containing a NO.sub.x removal catalyst to form the salts of a dithionate, a sulfate and an imidobissulfate. The salts are crystallized, separated and heated for pyrolysis by a pneumatic conveying pyrolysis unit whereby a gas containing higher concentration of SO.sub.2 is obtained. The gas is fed into the alkaline aqueous solution together with the flue gas so as to improve the efficiency.

Process for cleaning flue gas

Growing community of inventors

Yokohama, Japan

Yoshio Kobayashi