Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Limited

Yoshihisa Kuwana

Nobuo Hanai

Kenya Shitara

Mamoru Hasegawa

Hiromasa Miyaji

Kazuyasu Nakamura

Masamichi Koike

Junichi Shimada

Fumio Suzuki

Hiroshi Kase

Akira Karasawa

Shizuo Shiozaki

Tomoyuki Kanda

Akihisa Mori

Ken Ikeda

Hironori Imma

Yutaka Waki

Yutaka Ohsawa

Masako Kurokawa

Shunji Ichikawa

Michio Ichimura

Hiromi Nonaka

Hiroshi Tsumuki

Naoto Osakada

Akiko Nakamura

The present invention is directed to methods of treating movement disorders by administering an effective amount of one or more adenosine Areceptor antagonists to a patient in need thereof. The present invention also provides methods of decreasing the adverse effects of L-DOPA in patients receiving L-DOPA therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present invention further provides methods and compositions for treating Parkinson's disease patients with sub-clinically effective doses of L-DOPA by combining L-DOPA treatment with an effective amount of one or more adenosine Areceptor antagonists (i.e., L-DOPA sparing effect). The present invention further provides methods of effective treatment of Parkinson's disease by co-administering at least one adenosine Areceptor antagonist, L-DOPA and a dopamine agonist and/or a COMT inhibitor and/or a MAO inhibitor. The present invention further provides methods of prolonging effective treatment of Parkinson's disease by administering an adenosine Areceptor antagonist singly or together with a dopamine agonist, and/or a COMT inhibitor, and/or a MAO inhibitor without prior or subsequent administration of L-DOPA, delaying or removing on-set of L-DOPA motor complication.

Methods of treating patients suffering from movement disorders

[object Object]

The present invention relates to a method of treating brain ischemia in which a xanthine derivative represented by formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, is administered.

Method of treating brain ischemia

A humanized chimera antibody, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a humanized chimera antibody and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a method of treating cancer which comprises administering to a patient a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of the humanized chimera antibody, are disclosed.

Method of treating cancer including administering a human chimeric antibody specific for the ganglioside GD3

A humanized chimera antibody, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a humanized chimera antibody and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a method of treating cancer which comprises administering to a patient a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of said humanized chimera antibody, are disclosed.

Process for producing humanized chimera antibody

Chimeric human antibody expression vectors are constructed by inserting the heavy chain variable region-encoding cDNA and antibody light chain variable region-encoding cDNA isolated from hybridomas producing a mouse or rat monoclonal antibody reacting with the ganglioside GMrespectively into an expression vector which contains the human antibody heavy chain constant region- or human antibody light chain constant region-encoding cDNA. The expression vectors are introduced into animal cells and the transformant thus obtained is cultured to produce a chimeric human antibody reacting with the ganglioside GM. In contrast to mouse monoclonal antibodies, the chimeric human antibodies of the invention will not cause anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody production in the patient's body but show a prolonged blood half-life, with a reduced frequency of adverse effects, so that it can be expected to be superior to mouse monoclonal antibodies in the efficacy in the treatment of human cancer, for instance.

Humanized antibodies

Remedial agent for neural degeneration

&lsqb;1,2,4&rsqb;triazolo&lsqb;1,5-c&rsqb;pyrimidine derivatives

Polypeptide composing human chimeric antibody

Human chimeric antibody specific for the ganglioside GD3

Chimeric human antibody expression vectors are constructed by inserting the antibody heavy chain variable region-encoding cDNA and antibody light chain variable region-encoding cDNA isolated from hybridomas producing a mouse or rat monoclonal antibody reacting with the ganglioside GM respectively into an expression vector for use in animal cells which contains the human antibody heavy chain constant region- or human antibody light chain constant region-encoding cDNA. The expression vectors are introduced into animal cells and the transformant thus obtained is cultured for the production of a chimeric human antibody reacting with the ganglioside GM . In contrast to mouse monoclonal antibodies, the chimeric human antibodies of the invention will not cause anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody production in the patient's body but shows a prolonged blood half-life, with a reduced frequency of adverse effects, so that it can be expected to be superior to mouse monoclonal antibodies in the efficacy in the treatment of human cancer, for instance.

&lsqb;1,2,4&rsqb;Triazolo&lsqb;1,5-c&rsqb;pyrimidine derivatives represented by formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided, which have adenosine A,receptor antagonism and are useful for the treatment or prevention of various diseases induced by hyperactivity of adenosine A,receptors (for example, Parkinson's disease or senile dementia):

&lsqb;1,2,4&rsqb; triazolo &lsqb;1,5-C&rsqb; pyrimidine derivatives

Chimeric human antibody expression vectors are constructed by inserting the antibody heavy chain variable region-encoding cDNA and antibody light chain variable region-encoding cDNA isolated from hybridomas producing a mouse or rat monoclonal antibody reacting with the ganglioside GM.sub.2 respectively into an expression vector for use in animal cells which contains the human antibody heavy chain constant region- or human antibody light chain constant region-encoding cDNA. The expression vectors are introduced into animal cells and the transformant thus obtained is cultured for the production of a chimeric human antibody reacting with the ganglioside GM.sub.2. In contrast to mouse monoclonal antibodies, the chimeric human antibodies of the invention will not cause anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody production in the patient's body but shows a prolonged blood half-life, with a reduced frequency of adverse effects, so that it can be expected to be superior to mouse monoclonal antibodies in the efficacy in the treatment of human cancer, for instance.

Humanized antibodies to ganglioside GM.sub.2

DNA encoding humanized antibodies specific for the ganglioside GM.sub.2

Growing community of inventors

Munich, Germany

Yoshihisa Kuwana