Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

Suruga Seiki Co., Ltd.

Yoshiaki Kawasaki

Akihiro Sugino

Naohiro Toda

Takaaki Ikegami

Ryohichi Kitajima

Eiji Kurimoto

Yoshiki Yanagawa

Mitsuaki Hirose

Hiroshi Tamura

Tetsuro Suzuki

Kazukiyo Nagai

Hidetoshi Kami

Narihito Kojima

Hiroshi Nagame

Maiko Kondo

Hongguo Li

Naoshi Mishima

Ryoichi Kitajima

Tatsuya Niimi

Hiroshi Ikuno

Masami Tomita

Yasuo Suzuki

Yasushi Nakazato

Tamotsu Aruga

Masahide Yamashita

Tetsuya Ogawa

Jun Yamane

Tomohiro Inoue

Tadashi Tsunoda

Yukio Fujiwara

Kohji Ue

Tetsuya Toshine

Toshio Fukagai

Masahiko Ishikawa

Hideo Nakamori

Michio Kimura

Kiyoshi Taniguchi

Tomohiro Hirade

Mikiko Imazeki

Takashi Rokutanzono

Hiroyuki Kishi

Michio Ono

Susumu Muramatsu

Katsuo Kuribayashi

Shoichi Wakabayashi

An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a resin substrate including a carbon nanotube; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate. In addition, a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The method includes forming a resin substrate by molding a resin forming material including a carbon nanotube; and forming a photosensitive layer overlying the resin substrate.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and method for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer, which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which includes a charge generation material, a charge transport material having no radical polymerizability, a binder resin having no radical polymerizability, and a crosslinked polymer including a unit obtained from a first radically polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transport structure and a unit obtained from a second radically polymerizable monomer having a charge transport structure; and an outermost layer, which is located on the photosensitive layer and which includes a crosslinked polymer including a unit obtained from a third radically polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transport structure and a unit obtained from a fourth radically polymerizable monomer having a charge transport structure. An image forming method and apparatus, and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for preparing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus and process cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor

An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a furan derivative represented by the following chemical structure 1, where Arand Arindependently represent substituted or non-substituted aryl groups and Rrepresents an alkylene group having one to six carbon atoms.

Image bearing member

An image carrier deterioration degree evaluating apparatus for evaluating a degree of deterioration of an image carrier of an image forming apparatus, the image carrier deterioration degree evaluating apparatus including: an image deletion detecting unit that detects image deletion by obtaining latent image information written on the image carrier; an image deletion reducing unit that performs a process of reducing image deletion when the image deletion detecting unit detects image deletion, and an image carrier deterioration degree evaluating unit that drives the image deletion detecting unit and the image deletion reducing unit alternately one or more times each, and evaluates a degree of deterioration of the image carrier by using the latent image information obtained one or more times by the image deletion detecting unit.

Image carrier deterioration degree evaluating device, image carrier failure predicting device, and image forming apparatus

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a surface layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, the surface layer including a cross-linked material of a radical polymerizable monomer having at least 3 functional groups with no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, the surface layer having a sulfur concentration of 50 ppmw or lower.

Photoreceptor, method of manufacturing same, image formation method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which is equipped with at least a latent electrostatic image forming unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, and a fixing unit, wherein the transferring unit is configured to apply a positive electric potential to a visible image formed on the latent electrostatic image bearing member via a recording medium, the latent electrostatic image member has a surface layer which comprises a hardened material hardened by irradiating at least a trifunctional or more radical polymerizable compound having no charge transporting structure, a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure, and a reactive silicone compound having any one of an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group, and the concentration of the reactive silicone compound is varied in between the surface part and the innerlayer part of the surface layer.

Image forming apparatus, image forming method, and process cartridge

To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor that comprises a support and a cross-linked layer formed over the support, wherein the cross-linked layer comprises at least light curable of radically polymerizable compound, the difference of maximum value of the post-exposure electrical potential and minimum value of the post-exposure electrical potential when writing is conducted under the condition that image static power is 0.53 mW, exposure energy is 4.0 erg/cmfor the electrophotographic photoconductor is within 30V.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, production method thereof, image forming method and image forming apparatus using photoconductor, and process cartridge

There is provided a temperature control unit for an electrophotographic photoconductor substrate, containing a stretchable membrane member which is detachably disposed in a hollow space of the cylindrical substrate, wherein the membrane member is configured to sequentially stretch until reaching the deepest part of the hollow space of the cylindrical substrate as a result of an introduction of a refrigerant therein to closely contact with an entire inner wall of the cylindrical substrate, and to sequentially shrink to the original shape thereof as a result of a release of the refrigerant therefrom, so that the membrane member is detachably disposed in the hollow space, and wherein the membrane member is configured to make a heat transfer between a surface of the cylindrical substrate and the refrigerant via the membrane member closely contacted with the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate, to control a surface temperature of the cylindrical substrate.

Temperature control unit for electrophotographic photoconductor substrate

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including:

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method of preparing the photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge therefor using the photoreceptor

A method of preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, including forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate; and forming a surface layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by a spray coating comprising a spray droplet having an average diameter (D) not greater than 10 &#x3bc;m.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method of preparing the photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge therefor using the photoreceptor

An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charging device, an irradiating device, a developing device, a transfer device, a fixing device, and a cleaning device, wherein the image bearing member includes a substrate on which a photosensitive layer and a cross-linked surface layer are accumulated and the cross-linked surface layer comprises a cross-linked material formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable function groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure by a photo-energy irradiation device, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 1 to 5 &#x3bc;m and an average circularity of from 0.95 to 0.98, wherein external additives added to the toner satisfy the following relationship: 1&#x3c;3X/5+Y&#x3c;3, wherein X represents the amount of an external additive having a primary particle diameter of from 10 to 20 nm and Y represents the amount of another external additive having an primary particle diameter of from 100 to 200 nm and X and Y satisfy the following relationship: X&#x3c;Y, 0&#x3c;X&#x2266;1 and 1&#x2266;Y, and wherein the cleaning device includes a cleaning blade made of a polyurethane rubber plate having a hardness of from 70 to 80&#xb0;, and a rebound resilience of from 10 to 35% at 25&#xb0; C.

Image forming apparatus, image forming method and process cartridge

An image forming method, includes: forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image carrier; developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to thereby form a visible image; transferring the visible image to a recording medium; and fixing the image transferred to the recording medium. The latent electrostatic image carrier includes: a support, a photoconductive layer on the support, and a surface protective layer on the support. The surface protective layer includes a reactant made by cross-linking the following: an electric charge transporting material which comprises a reactive functional group, a cross-linking resin, and a fluorine surfactant. The toner comprises an inorganic fine particle which defines an effective inorganic fine particle amount in a range of 0.8% by mass to 3.0% by mass calculated from the following equation (1): 

Toner, developer, toner container and latent electrostatic image carrier, and process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus using the same

An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a crosslinked layer, including:

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method, apparatus and process cartridge therefor using the photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate, which includes a crosslinked layer at the surface thereof, wherein the crosslinked layer is formed by a method including: coating a coating liquid, which includes a solvent; a radical polymerizing monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transportable structure; and a radical polymerizing compound having a charge transportable structure on the photosensitive layer; and irradiating the coating liquid to be hardened while the surface of the photosensitive layer is controlled to have a temperature not higher than a boiling point of the solvent.

An electrophotographic photoconductor having at least a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support, in which a surface layer of the photoconductive layer can be obtained by curing at least a free-radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure, represented by general formula (A) and a one-functional free-radical-polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure, wherein R, R, R, R, R, and Rare described in the specification.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, and image formation method, image formation apparatus, and process cartridge for image formation apparatus using the same

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Susono, Japan

Yoshiaki Kawasaki