Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Yoko Kosaka

Shinichi Nakamura

Takao Takiguchi

Takeshi Togano

Takashi Iwaki

Hideaki Mitsutake

Ikuo Nakazawa

Masahiro Fushimi

Noriaki Ohguri

Yoshimasa Okamura

The present invention discloses a film comprising at least a compound of germanium as a film structure capable of suppressing influence of electrification. It also discloses an electron beam system, particularly an image forming system, using a member having the film comprising at least a compound of germanium. It further discloses a manufacturing method of the image forming system.

Electrification moderating film, electron beam system, image forming system, member with the electrification moderating film, and manufacturing method of image forming system

There are provided an electron beam device which has an atmospheric pressure-resistant member such as a spacer interposed between an electron source and a member to be irradiated with electrons, and can suppress charge on the member, a charging-suppressing member, and its producing method. An electron beam device having an electron source for emitting electrons, a member to be irradiated with the electrons, and a first member interposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated is characterized in that the surface of the first member has a three-dimensional shape, and projecting portions of the three-dimensional shape form a network shape. In addition, an electron beam device having an electron source for emitting electrons, a member to be irradiated with the electrons, and a first member interposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated is characterized in that the surface of the first member has a three-dimensional shape, and the three-dimensional shape has recessed portions continuously surrounded by projecting portions.

Electron beam device, method for producing charging-suppressing member used in the electron beam device, and image forming apparatus

A mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) according to Claim 1 characterized by having at least two ether groups between alkylene groups in a specific alkoxy perfluoroalkyl terminal group is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device is used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing the

An optically active compound represented by the formula R.sub.1 --A.sub.1 --A.sub.2 --X.sub.1 --A.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --L--A.sub.4 --R.sub.2, in which R.sub.1 is F, CN or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl and R.sub.2 is H, F, CH or straight chain or branched alkyl; A.sub.3 is 1,4-phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-ditiane-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thiazole-2,5-diyl, thiaziazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,6-diyl, benzothiazole-2,5-diyl, benzothiazole-2,6-diyl, benzofuran-2,5-diyl, benzofuran-2,6-diyl, quinoxaline-2,6-diyl, quinoline-2,6-diyl, 2,6-naphthylene, indane-2,5-diyl, 2-alkylindane-2,5-diyl, indanone-2,6-diyl, 2-alkylindane-2,6-diyl, coumarane-2,5-diyl and 2-alkylcoumarane-2,5-diyl; A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.4 are single bond or A.sub.3 ; X.sub.1 ' is a single bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.C--; p is an integer from 2 to 20; and L is optically active.

Optically active compound, liquid crystal composition containing the

A mesomorphic compound represented by a formula (I) containing a quinoline-2,6-diyl skeleton is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of electrode plates. The liquid crystal device may preferably be used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

A mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) according to claim 1 characterized by having at least one CF.sub.2 group between CH.sub.2 groups in a specific alkoxy alkyl terminal group is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device is used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

An optically active compound represented by a formula (I) characterized by containing an oxazolidinone-3,5-diyl skeleton directly connected to cyclic groups in 3 and 5 positions is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of electrode plates. The liquid crystal device may preferably be used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

An optically inactive mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms; and m is an integer of 2-18, is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device may preferably be used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

Optically inactive, mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition

A mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) according to claim 1 characterized by having at least one cyclic group selected from .beta. class including, e.g., thiazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,5-diyl, indan-2,5-diyl, and quinoxaline-2,6-diyl and also having a linkage of Y.sup.1 (CH.sub.2).sub.m Y.sup.2, where Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are --CH.sub.2 --, --O--, --COO-- or --OCO-- and m is 1-16, is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device is used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

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Atsugi, Japan

Yoko Kosaka