Nchain Licensing Ag

Nchain Holdings Limited

Five Ai Limited

Cambridge Cryptographic Ltd

Ying Chan

Craig Steven Wright

Stephane Savanah

Dean Kramer

John Redford

Sina Samangooei

John Fletcher

Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. Disclosed herein are processes, apparatuses, and articles of manufacture to create, at a node, a first transaction that includes 1) a first output having a first spendable value and a first locking script and 2) a second output having a second spendable value and a second locking script. Included, in the first locking script, is a first set of constraints on a first selected transaction output. Included, in the second locking script, a second set of constraints on a second selected transaction output. Furthermore, either the first set of constraints or the second set of constraints is configured to impose a constraint on a locking script of a spending transaction having as a spending transaction output the first selected transaction output or the second selected transaction output.

Constraints on outputs of an unlocking transaction in a blockchain

There may be provided a computer-implemented method. It may be implemented using a blockchain network. The computer-implemented method includes: i) receiving, at a node in a blockchain network, a first transaction associated with a digital asset, the first transaction including a locking script that specifies a set of constraints on a second transaction to transfer control of the digital asset, one of the constraints being associated with a set of data; ii) obtaining the second transaction, the second transaction including an unlocking script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to obtain the set of data; and iii) validating the second transaction by executing the locking script and the unlocking script.

Script-based blockchain interaction

Techniques presented are related to distributed ledge technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. The methods and systems of the present disclosure are provided for causing receiving, at a node in a blockchain network, a first transaction to validate, the first transaction including a first script that at least: includes a set of field values of the first transaction; and causes, as a result of being executed, the node to obtain the set of field values; obtaining a second transaction, the second transaction having been validated and including a second script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to at least generate a signature based at least in part on a private cryptographic key and a mask number; and validating the first transaction by executing the first script and the second script.

Constraining injection of unlocking transaction bytecode

The invention relates to distributed ledge technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. Computer-implemented methods for a secure random number generation within blockchain scripts are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network, which may be, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. A first transaction that includes a puzzle is validated at a node in a blockchain network, with the first transaction being associated with a digital asset, and with a solution to the puzzle being indeterminable at a time of validation of the first transaction. A pseudorandom number, based at least in part on a solution to the puzzle that is included in a second transaction, is generated at least in part by validating the second transaction, the second transaction created to transfer control of the digital asset associated with the first transaction. Control of the digital asset is transferred based at least in part on the pseudorandom number.

Rewarded puzzle solution

A computer-implemented method using a blockchain network includes: i) receiving, at a node in a blockchain network, a first transaction associated with a digital asset, the first transaction specifying at least: a) a first set of constraints on a second transaction to transfer control of the digital asset, the first set of constraints including one or more constraints that cause the second transaction to contain a set of data from the blockchain network; and b) a second set of constraints on the second transaction, the second set of constraints including a constraint that the set of data includes a block that includes the first transaction, the block included in a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; ii) verifying that the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints are satisfied; and iii) transferring control of the digital asset based at least in part on the verifying.

Script based blockchain interaction

A computer-implemented method for controlling an external process or system and allowing a modification of blockchain transaction outputs, the method comprising one or more steps to generate a blockchain transaction comprising at least one signed input which comprises a value and at least one modifiable output, extract one or more values from one or more signed inputs associated with one or more combination locks, provide one of the values to a portion of logic to obtain a result, and use the result to modify at least one modifiable output of the transaction, wherein the transaction represents the result, wherein the values are extracted external from the blockchain transaction, and wherein the transaction are submitted to the blockchain.

Blockchain-implemented control method and system for controlling an external process or system

The invention relates to distributed ledge technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. Computer-implemented methods for a trustless, deterministic state machine are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network, which may be, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. A first transaction validate is received at a node in a blockchain network. The first transaction includes a first script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to at least obtain a first set of field values of the first transaction, a second set of field values of a second transaction, and an input. The second transaction is obtained. The second transaction includes a second script that includes a set of rules and, as a result of being executed, causes the node to at least verify that the second script matches a third script embedded in the first set of field values, determine, based at least in part on the second set of field values, a current state, and determine, based at least in part on the current state, the input, and the set of rules, a next state. The first transaction is validated as a result of execution of the first script and the second script.

Trustless deterministic state machine

Techniques are provided for causing an injection of a serialized previous transaction into a locking script. A first script, of a first transaction to be validated, causes a node to at least obtain a first set of field values corresponding to the first transaction and obtain a second set of field values corresponding to a particular transaction. A second script, included in a second transaction, causes the node to at least obtain the first set of field values and the second set of field values of the particular transaction supplied as a result of execution of the first script, extract a transaction identifier from the first set of field values, and determine, based at least in part on the second set of field values, that the particular transaction corresponds to the transaction identifier. The first transaction is validated by executing the first script and the second script.

Forcing the injection of a previous transaction's bytecode into a blockchain transaction

A method of annotating known objects in road images captured from a sensor-equipped vehicle, the method implemented in an annotation system and comprising: receiving at the annotation system a road image containing a view of a known object; receiving ego localization data, as computed in a map frame of reference, via localization applied to sensor data captured by the sensor-equipped vehicle, the ego localization data indicating an image capture pose of the road image in the map frame of reference; determining, from a predetermined road map, an object location of the known object in the map frame of reference, the predetermined road map representing a road layout the map frame of reference, wherein the known object is one of: a piece of road structure, and an object on or adjacent a road; computing, in an image plane defined by the image capture pose, an object projection, by projecting an object model of the known object from the object location into the image plane; and storing, in an image database, image data of the road image, in association with annotation data of the object projection for annotating the image data with a location of the known object in the image plane.

Image annotation tools

A technique for locking a blockchain transaction based on undetermined data, using a blockchain network. A locking node may include a locking script in a blockchain transaction to lock a digital asset. The locking script includes a public key for a determined data source and instructions to cause a validating node executing the locking script to verify the source of data provided in an unlocking script by: a) generating a modified public key based on the public key for the determined data source and based on data defined in the unlocking script; and b) evaluating a cryptographic signature in the unlocking script based on the modified public key. The blockchain transaction containing the locking script is sent by the locking node to the blockchain network. The lock may be removed using a cryptographic signature generated from a private key modified based on the data.

Securing blockchain transaction based on undetermined data

The invention relates to distributed ledge technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. Computer-implemented methods for a secure random number generation within blockchain scripts are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network, which may be, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. A third transaction is validated. The third transaction is associated with a third digital asset and includes a first and second puzzle in a locking script. The first puzzle is included, in a first transaction, in a first locking script that encumbers transfer of control of a first digital. The second puzzle is included, in a second transaction, in a second locking script that encumbers transfer of control of a second digital asset. A pseudorandom number is generated based at least in part on solutions to the first and second puzzles. Control of the third digital asset is transferred based at least in part on the pseudorandom number.

Random number generation in a blockchain

There may be provided a computer-implemented method. It may be implemented using a blockchain network such as, for example, the Bitcoin network. The computer-implemented method includes: i) receiving, at a node in a blockchain network, a first transaction associated with a digital asset, the first transaction including a first script that specifies a set of constraints on a second transaction to transfer control of the digital asset, the set of constraints including a constraint that a set of data obtained by the node includes information obtained from a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; ii) obtaining the second transaction, the second transaction including a second script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to obtain the set of data; and iii) validating the second transaction by executing the first script and the second script.

There may be provided a computer-implemented method. It may be implemented using a blockchain network such as, for example, the Bitcoin network. The computer-implemented method includes: i) receiving, at a node in a blockchain network, a first transaction associated with a digital asset, the first transaction specifying at least: a) a first set of constraints on a second transaction to transfer control of the digital asset, the first set of constraints including one or more constraints that cause the second transaction to contain a set of data from a blockchain; and b) a second set of constraints on the second transaction, the second set of constraints including one or more constraints associated with data items of the set of data; ii) verifying that the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints are satisfied; and iii) reassociating the digital asset based at least in part on the verifying.

Techniques for implementing trustless deterministic state machines using a blockchain infrastructure and running state machines concurrently over one or more transactions are described. An initial transaction is created to include at least one initial locking script that includes a first set of constraints, a second set of constraints, and at least one redeemable value. An unlocking blockchain transaction is also created with an input comprising an unlocking script and respective transaction outputs for a first locking script and a second locking script. Upon processing the initial locking script and the unlocking script, the first set of constraints and the second set of constraints are determined. Next, the first and second locking scripts are verified to ensure that they satisfy the first and second sets of constraints. Finally, the initial transaction is caused to be validated at a node of a blockchain network.

The invention relates to distributed ledger technologies such as consensus-based blockchains, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. Computer-implemented methods for a trustless, deterministic state machine that is embodied by the locking script of a spending transaction are described. The spending transaction transfers control of at least one digital asset or portion thereof. The spending transaction references a previous transaction that includes a locking script with a bytecode sequence. The spending transaction also includes a locking script with the same bytecode sequence. The spending transaction can be validated by verifying that the bytecode sequences of the locking scripts of the spending and previous transactions match one another. Control of the at least one digital asset or portion thereof can be transferred as a result of execution of the locking script. For example, the locking script can impose a set of conditions for validation of the spending transaction.

Growing community of inventors

Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ying Chan