Apple Inc.

Yi Qiao

Jean-Pierre Simon Guillou

Tyler Robin Kakuda

Michael J Brown

Ying-Chih Wang

Paul C Kelley

Hao Dong

Yue Cui

Ming Xu

Shawn Robert Gettemy

Hung Sheng Lin

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Yuchi Che

Salman Karbasi

Wei Hsin Yao

Tsung-Ting Tsai

Rui Liu

Kingsuk Brahma

Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari

Jie Won Ryu

Shengkui Gao

Shyuan Yang

David Andrew Doyle

Meng-Huan Ho

David S Hum

Ricardo A Peterson

James P Landry

Shaorui Yang

Mario Miscuglio

Cheng Kai Chen

Jun Qi

Erik G De Jong

Chaohao Wang

ByoungSuk Kim

Yi Huang

Shubhaditya Majumdar

Donghee Nam

Daniel J Barrett

Graeme M Williams

Yanming Li

Aleksandr N Polyakov

Kwang Ohk Cheon

KiBeom Kim

Di Liu

Elizabeth C Porter

Yang Xu

Ian T Clark

Snehal T Jariwala

Christopher D Prest

Steven Porter Hotelling

David A Pakula

Michael Benjamin Wittenberg

Ting-Kuo Chang

Paolo Sacchetto

Hyunwoo Nho

Yafei Bi

Wei Lin

Yu Cheng Chen

Sun-il Chang

Weijun Yao

Marwan Rammah

Sameer Pandya

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

Junhua Tan

Jesse Aaron Richmond

Richard Hung Dinh

Hyunsoo Kim

Injae Hwang

Rasamy Phouthavong

Pierre-Yves Emelie

Shiping Shen

Myungjoon Choi

Yingying Tang

Jenny Hu

Christopher Edward Glazowski

Myung-Je Cho

Yue Jack Chu

Maofeng Yang

Haifeng Li

Sinan Alousi

Takahide Ishii

Kiran S Pillai

Yu Zhang

Wanqing Xin

Yurii Morozov

Ran Tu

Shenglin Ye

Zuo Xia

Alexis G Soyseven

Jung Yun Seuh

Salman Karbasivalashani

Zhizhen Ma

Xin Zheng

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a high-transmittance region that overlaps the optical sensor. To increase the transmittance of light through the high-transmittance region of the display, emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be shorted together. Each emissive sub-pixel may be shorted to an emissive sub-pixel of the same color. The emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region of the display may have the same layout but smaller sizes relative to the full pixel density region of the display. The thin-film transistor sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be consolidated horizontally and/or vertically to produce larger continuous high-transmittance areas.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and shorted pixels

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, a display pixel that overlaps the light emitter may include a transistor that provides a current sink to divert leakage current away from the light-emitting diode in that pixel. A shielding layer may be interposed between the light emitter and a display pixel. The shielding layer may block light from the light emitter. The shielding layer may have an opening that exposes one transistor in the pixel to the light from the light emitter. Pixels that overlap the light emitter may have larger anodes than pixels that do not overlap the light emitter.

Display pixel with a current sink to mitigate artifacts caused by an under-display light emitter

Systems and methods described herein may utilize a non-linear scaling relationship to scale brightness of selective portions of the display in a manner that reduces or eliminates perceivable banding effects. By non-linearly controlling changes in brightness of the display, a viewer may perceive a more uniform, linear dimming towards the relatively dimmer region without perceiving banding, leading to improved user experience when viewing the electronic display.

Display panel brightness control based on gaussian edges

An electronic device may include a display, a cover layer overlapping the display, and a housing have housing sidewalls. An encapsulant material may surround at least part of the display and may be used to couple the cover layer to the housing sidewalls. A rigid outer material having a higher elastic modulus than the encapsulant material may also be used to couple the cover layer to the housing sidewalls. The rigid outer material may be a molded material that surrounds an outer perimeter of the encapsulant, or the rigid outer material may be a metal or plastic frame member having a C-shaped cross-section or other geometry. The display may overlap the housing sidewall. The encapsulant may absorb mechanical stresses on the cover layer to protect the display, whereas the rigid outer material may transfer mechanical stresses on the cover layer to the housing.

Electronic devices with display support structures

In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied. Embodiments may pertain to techniques for applying a per-channel and band-global gamma-to-voltage compensation to reduce or minimize a relative luminance error amongst different responses of display regions.

Global nonlinear scaler for multiple pixel gamma response compensation

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the optical sensor. To mitigate reflectance mismatch between the full pixel density region and the pixel removal region, the pixel removal region may include a transition region at one or more edges. In the transition region, one or more components may have a gradual density change between the full pixel density region and a central portion of the pixel removal region. Components that may have a changing density in the transition region include dummy thin-film transistor sub-pixels, dummy anodes, a cathode layer, and a touch sensor metal layer. The transition region may also include anodes that gradually change shape and/or size.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and transition regions

A system may include an electronic display panel having pixels, where each pixel may emit light based on a respective programming signal. The system may include a memory storing a map. The processing circuitry may determine a function for each pixel from the map. The processing circuitry may determine a respective control signal based on the function and a target brightness level for each pixel to generate multiple control signals, where the respective control signal is used to generate the respective programming signal for each pixel. The processing circuitry may determine a scaling factor based at least in part on the first map and may scale at least a subset of the multiple control signals based at least in part on the scaling factor.

Configurable pixel uniformity compensation for OLED display non-uniformity compensation based on scaling factors

An electronic device may have pixels that form an active area for a flexible display layer. An inactive area that is free of pixels may surround the active area. One or more edges of the flexible display layer may be bent around respective bend axes. The display layer may also have one or more unbent edges in which the inactive area and active area of the display have a planar shape. An image transport layer may have an input surface that receives the image and an output surface to which the image is transported. The image transport layer may be formed from a coherent fiber bundle or a layer of Anderson localization material. The coherent fiber bundle may have straight fibers that run parallel to each other in a vertical direction that is parallel to a surface normal of a central portion of the display layer.

Electronic devices having vertical image transport layers

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To increase the apparent resolution of the display in portions of the display panel with the transparent windows, the display may include a light spreading layer that includes a plurality of diffractive elements. The light spreading layer may spread visible light from the array of pixels such that the display resolution at the outer surface of the display is greater than at the display panel. The light spreading layer may selectively spread visible light but not infrared light. The display may also include a lens layer that focuses light onto the transparent windows.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and a diffractive layer

An electronic device may have a display mounted in a housing. The display may have a pixel array that produces images. A display cover layer may overlap the pixel array. The display cover layer may have a planar central area surrounded by a peripheral edge area with a curved cross-sectional profile. From an on-axis viewing angle, an image on the pixel array is fully viewable through the planar central area and the peripheral edge area. From an off-axis viewing angle, the image is partly viewable through the peripheral edge area and not through the central area. To avoid an undesired color cast in the partly viewable image seen through the peripheral edge area of the display cover layer, the display may be provided with color cast compensation structures such as a guest-host liquid crystal layer that exhibits an anisotropic colored light absorption characteristic, a diffuser layer, and/or other optical structures.

Electronic devices with curved display surfaces

An electronic device may have a display overlapped by an image transport layer such as a coherent fiber bundle or layer of Anderson localization material. The image transport layer may have an input surface that receives an image from the display and a corresponding output surface to which the image is transported. The input surface and output surface may have different shapes. During fabrication of the image transport layer, molding techniques, grinding and polishing techniques, and other processes may be used to deform the image transport layer and the shape of the output surface. To help reduce ambient light reflections and stray light, light-absorbing structures may be incorporated into the image transport layer and other structures overlapping the display.

Electronic devices with reduced stray light and ambient light reflections

An electronic device may have a display layer for displaying images. An optical coupling layer having an input surface that receives light from the display panel may convey the light from the input surface to an output surface. The output surface may have different dimensions than the display layer and may have any desired shape. To account for the displacement of light between the active area and the outer surface of the optical coupling layer and to ensure the output image is perceived with the desired distortion, image data may be rendered for the output surface then modified to account for the distortion and displacement that will occur later when the image is transported by the optical coupling layer from the display active area to the output surface of the optical coupling layer. Image distortion control circuitry may modify the rendered image data based on a distortion map.

Distortion control in displays with optical coupling layers

An electronic device may have a display overlapped by an image transport layer such as a coherent fiber bundle or layer of Anderson localization material. The image transport layer may have an input surface that receives an image from the display and a corresponding output surface to which the image is transported. The input surface and output surface may have different shapes. During fabrication of the image transport layer, molding techniques, grinding and polishing techniques, and other processes may be used to deform the image transport layer and the shape of the output surface. To accommodate differences in material deformation and other factors that vary as a function of position across the image transport layer, the image transport layer may be formed from canes of fibers or other material with one or more properties that vary as a function of position.

Electronic devices with inhomogeneous image transport layers

An electronic device display may have an active area with pixels. An optical sensor may be formed under a sensor region in the active area. During operation, ambient light and/or other light associated with the optical sensor may pass through the sensor region. To ensure that the light for the optical sensor can pass through the display, the display may have one or more layers with sensor openings such as a metal layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer that attaches the metal layer to the pixels of the display. To help minimize visibility of the openings in the sensor region, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be configured to have a reflectivity that matches the appearance of the display in the sensor region to surrounding areas. Undesired light output uniformity can be reduced by ensuring that the substrate material in the display has a low light absorption coefficient.

Electronic devices with conductive tape

An electronic device may have a display that displays an image. The image may be viewed through a display cover layer that overlaps the display. The display cover layer may include an optical coupling layer such as a coherent fiber bundle. A pixel expansion layer such as a diffractive layer may be incorporated between the optical coupling layer and a protective layer. The diffractive layer may create duplicate pixels to occupy otherwise non-light-emitting areas on the output surface of the display cover layer. The diffractive layer may also create duplicate pixels that overlap adjacent pixels to allow for brightness averaging. An adhesive layer or the protective layer may be used to form diffractive elements for the diffractive layer. An adhesive layer having a high index of refraction may be interposed between the optical coupling layer and the display panel to mitigate undesired reflections of ambient light.

Electronic device with an optical coupling layer and diffractive layer

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San Jose, CA, United States of America

Yi Qiao