Apple Inc.

Yi-Pai Huang

ByoungSuk Kim

Yi Huang

Ping-Yen Chou

Hao Chen

Jun Qi

Juan He

Yang Li

Sheng Zhang

Cheng-Ho Yu

Fu-Chung Huang

Chaohao Wang

Manjap Singh

Chieh-Wei Chen

Seung Wook Kim

Michael J Rockwell

Xiaofeng Wang

Felipe Bacim De Araujo E Silva

Yunhui Hou

Tobias Jung

Chengrui Le

Donghee Nam

Hitoshi Yamamoto

Suraj P Gorkhali

Yue Ma

Fang-Cheng Lin

Ze Yuan

Yansong Liu

He Li

Adam Backer

Mingming Wang

Pretesh A Mascarenhas

A display may include an array of pixels covered by lenticular lenses. The lenticular lenses may cause expansion of light primarily in a horizontal direction. To improve the perceived resolution of the display, the horizontal resolution of the pixels on the display may be increased. In one possible layout, each pixel includes one red sub-pixel, one blue sub-pixel, and one green sub-pixel. The sub-pixels may be non-square rectangular. The sub-pixels may be the same size or may have the same widths and different heights. Each pixel may be asymmetric about a horizontal axis. In a given row, the pixels may alternate between first and second layouts. The second layout may be a vertically flipped version of the first layout.

Pixel arrangements for displays with lenticular lenses

An electronic device may include a lenticular display. The lenticular display may have a lenticular lens film formed over an array of pixels. The lenticular lenses may be configured to enable stereoscopic viewing of the display such that a viewer perceives three-dimensional images. The display may have a number of independently controllable viewing zones. A eye and/or head tracking system may use a camera to capture images of a viewer of the display. Control circuitry in the electronic device may use the captured images from the eye and/or head tracking system to determine which viewing zones are occupied by the viewer's eyes. The control circuitry may disable or dim viewing zones that are not occupied by the viewer's eyes in order to conserve power. An unoccupied viewing zone and an adjacent, occupied viewing zone may display the same image to increase sharpness in the display.

Displays with viewer tracking

A lenticular display may be formed with convex curvature. The lenticular display may have a lenticular lens film with lenticular lenses that extend across the length of the display. The lenticular lenses may be configured to enable stereoscopic viewing of the display. To enable more curvature in the display while ensuring satisfactory stereoscopic display performance, the display may have stereoscopic zones and non-stereoscopic zones. A central stereoscopic zone may be interposed between first and second non-stereoscopic zones. The non-stereoscopic zones may have more curvature than the stereoscopic zone. To prevent crosstalk within the lenticular display, a louver film may be incorporated into the display. The pixel array may have a diagonal layout and may be covered by vertically oriented lenticular lenses.

Pixel arrangements for electronic device displays

An electronic device may include a lenticular display. The lenticular display may have a lenticular lens film formed over an array of pixels. A plurality of lenticular lenses may extend across the length of the display. The lenticular lenses may be configured to enable stereoscopic viewing of the display such that a viewer perceives three-dimensional images. Crosstalk between viewing zones and disparity between images received from different viewing zones may result in disparity-caused shifts in images perceived by viewer of the lenticular display. To mitigate these disparity-caused shifts, compensation circuitry may be included in the display pipeline circuitry. The compensation circuitry may include stored disparity-caused shift calibration information that is used for the compensation. The stored disparity-caused shift calibration information may be a polynomial function that outputs a magnitude of disparity-caused shift for a given pixel location.

Displays with disparity-caused shift compensation

An electronic device may include a lenticular display. The lenticular display may have a lenticular lens film formed over an array of pixels. The lenticular lenses may be configured to enable stereoscopic viewing of the display such that a viewer perceives three-dimensional images. To mitigate jaggedness in a curved edge of the active area, control circuitry may modify input pixel data for the display using dimming factors. Each brightness value of the pixel data may be multiplied by a corresponding dimming factor such that the curved edge has a smooth appearance. Each physical pixel in the display may have an associated perceived pixel that is based on an appearance of that physical pixel through the lenticular lens film. The perceived pixel may have a different footprint than its corresponding physical pixel. The dimming factors for boundary smoothing in the curved edges may be based on the perceived pixels.

Boundary smoothing in a display

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the optical sensor. The display may include a black masking layer with a plurality of horizontal portions and a plurality of vertical portions that form a grid that defines a plurality of apertures. The black masking layer may additionally include patches in the apertures. The patches may be optimally positioned to mitigate diffraction artifacts in the sensor that operates through the pixel removal region. The patches may have unique sizes and shapes. The display may include first and second pixel removal regions with different black masking layer layouts. The layouts may cause complementary diffraction artifacts such that a single artifact-free image may be constructed using the first and second optical sensors.

Black masking layer in displays having transparent openings

An electronic device may include a display having an array of pixels and a backlight that provides backlight illumination for the array of pixels. The backlight may be a direct-lit backlight with a two-dimensional array of light-emitting diodes operable in a local dimming scheme. The electronic device may include control circuitry that provides pixel signals to the array of pixels and backlight signals to the backlight. The control circuitry may adjust the pixel signals and the backlight signals to compensate for brightness and color non-uniformity in the backlight. To compensate for image-dependent backlight non-uniformity, the control circuitry may simulate artificial backlight data based on the target image to be displayed and stored point spread information. To compensate for white-point-dependent backlight non-uniformity, the control circuitry may use measured actual backlight data that describes color variations across the backlight for a given target white point.

Displays with reduced color non-uniformity

Growing community of inventors

Zhubei, Taiwan

Yi-Pai Huang