Zaidan Hojin Biseibutsu Kagaku Kenkyu Kai

Hitachi, Ltd.

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

Yasushi Takagi

Sumio Umezawa

Tsutomu Tsuchiya

Tomio Takeuchi

Takuya Imaide

Hamao Umezawa

Toshio Murakami

Yutaka Ito

Ryuji Nishimura

Yoshiaki Takahashi

Hiroyasu Ohtsubo

Morihito Miyagi

Yoshihiko Kobayashi

Norihiko Nakano

Kazuo Umezawa

Tetsuo Shitara

Yutaka Satoh

Tomo Jikihara

Kenichi Oka

Hiromi Sohtome

7-O-(4-Amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-&agr;-L-talopyranosyl)-daunomycinone or -adriamycinone is now synthesized as a novel daunomycinone or adriamycinone derivative having the general formula

Anthracycline derivatives having 4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-2 fluoro-&agr;-L-talopyranosyl group

An image pickup apparatus including an image extracting unit and performing an image extraction process and automatic feedback control of white balance for executing image extraction with high accuracy by performing the image extraction process and automatic white balance control with reference to each other.

Image pickup apparatus with image extracting unit

7-O-(4-Amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-daunomycinon e or -adriamycinone is now synthesized as a daunomycinone or adriamycinone derivative having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group. These novel compounds according to this invention exhibit excellent antitumor activities and have a high solubility in water, and hence they are useful as an antitumor agent.

3,4-di-O,N-Protected-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-L-manno-pyranosyl

Anthracycline derivatives having

Novel anthracycline derivatives have now been produced, which exhibit higher antitumor activities and lower toxicities than those of daunomycin, adriamycin etc. that have been clinically used as anticancer agents. That is, a daunomycinone or adriamycinone derivative represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-6,6,6-trifluoro-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)adriamycinon e derivative which is an adriamycinone derivative represented by formula (II): ##STR2## have now been newly synthesized. The novel anthracycline derivatives having the general formula (I) and formula (II), respectively, show excellent anticancer or antitumor activities and are of low toxicities. These novel compounds are very useful as anticancer or antitumor agents and are expected to be useful for the therapeutic treatments of a variety of cancers and tumors, similarly to daunomycin or adriamycin.

Anthracycline derivative having a trifluoromethylated sugar

To provide novel fluorine-containing anthracycline derivatives having high antitumor activities and a solubility in water, there have now been synthesized a 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-3-O- or -4-O- or -3,4-di-O-aminoalkanoyl-.alpha.-L-talopyranosyl)daunomycinone or -adriamycinone of general formula (I) shown below, as well as a 7-O-(3-O- or -4-O- or -3,4-di-O-aminoalkanoyl-2,6-dideoxy-2,6,6,6-tetrafluoro-.alpha.-L-talopyra nosyl- or -2,6-dideoxy-6,6,6-trifluoro-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)adriamycinone of general formula (II) shown below: General formula (I) ##STR1## General formula (II) ##STR2## wherein either one or both of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 is or are an .alpha.-amino acid residue or an .omega.-amino acid residue and T denotes a fluorine or hydrogen atom. The novel fluorine-containing anthracycline derivatives of general formulae (I) and (II) are highly active against tumors and soluble in water, and they are useful as antitumor agents administrable in the form of injectable solution.

Fluorine-containing anthracycline derivatives having hydroxyl groups(s)

In an ATM communication apparatus, the same failure detection process is conducted for the detection of a failure state of a VP when a transmission line of the apparatus fails and the detection of the failure state of the VP when a VP-AIS cell generated by another apparatus is received. When an AIS cell generation unit receives a channel failure signal generated by a line terminator, it generates an AIS cell and inserts it in a receiving cell stream. A circuit provided at downstream of the cell stream copies or extracts the AIS cells, determines the failure state, generates a FERF cell in accordance with the determination, and inserts it in a sending cell stream.

ATM communication apparatus and failure detection and notification

A white balance adjusting device for video camera performs white balance control at high speed for an image which does not include a white colored portion under artificial illumination outside blackbody radiation while maintaining stability for usual illumination condition. An iris detector for detecting an iris value of an iris mechanism a, fluorescent light detector for determining whether or not an illumination source is a fluorescent lamp and correction apparatus responsive to an output of the fluorescent light detector to correct said white balance control signal suitably are provided. In order to obtain a high speed response to a variation of illumination, an integration circuit for averaging color-difference signals, amplifier circuits responsive to the averaged color-difference signals to control gains of chrominance signals to thereby produce white balance control signal for regulating white balance, a hold apparatus for holding white balance control signal temporarily and a converter apparatus for converting the content of the hold apparatus into signal for driving the chrominance signal gain control circuit, and a change apparatus for changing a timing of rewriting the content of the hold apparatus are further provided.

White balance adjusting device for video camera

A white balance controller for an image pickup apparatus having an image pickup for providing an output indicative of an image, a color separator responsive to the output of the image pickup for producing a luminance signal and a plurality of color signals therefrom, gain controllers for controlling a gain of at least two color signals of the plurality of color signals separated by the color separator, and a color difference signal generator for generating color difference signals from at least one of a color signal and luminance signal. The white balance controller includes white/achromatic detection for detecting at least one of a white and achromatic portion within an image picked up by the image pickup in accordance with a least the color difference signals, and an abnormality detector for detecting an abnormality of white balance within the picked up image. The abnormality detector supplies an output thereof to an input of the white/achromatic detector and enables control of a gain of the gain controllers in accordance therewith for enabling white adjustment.

White balance controller for an image pick-up apparatus including an

Operational amplifiers detect deviations from white in pictures picked up based on color-difference signals and generate white balance control signals, respectively. The data that correspond to the generated white balance control signals are held at counters. The data that should be held at the counters are updated successively according to a synchronization signal which is applied successively to the counters. Gains of variable gain amplifiers (3r, 3b) that amplify red and blue color signals are controlled, respectively, based on the data held at the counters. A color temperature detection circuit detects a difference between a level of white balance control signal and a level expressed by the data held at the counter and generates a color temperature variation detection signal when the difference exceeding a predetermined level exists. In the event the color temperature variation detection signal is generated, a synchronization signal whose cycle is shorter than a cycle of synchronization signal that has been applied until that time is applied to the counters for a predetermined amount of time to accelerate the speed of updating data that should be held at the counters.

White balance adjusting system including a color temperature variation

2,6-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-talopyranose and 1-substituted derivatives thereof, including methyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-talopyranoside and 3,4-di-O-protected-2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-talopyranosyl halides, are now provided and these new compounds are useful as intermediates for use in the synthesis of new compounds having antitumor activity, especially 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-.alpha.-L-talopyranosyl) daunomycinone or -adriamycinone. 2,6-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-talopyranose shows antibacterial activity. 2,6-Dideoxy-fluoro-L-talopyranose and the 1-substituted derivatives thereof may be produced by a multi-stage process starting from L-fucose.

Process for producing 2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-talopyranose

As new compound are now provided ten compounds, namely 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}kanamycin A; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-2',3'-dideoxykanamycin A; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluorokan amycin A; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-5-deoxy-5-fluorokanamycin A; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-kanamycin B; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-3'-deoxykanamycin B; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B; 1-N-{(2R,3R) -4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-5-deoxy-5-fluorokanamycin B; 1-N-{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-5,3'-dideoxy-5-fluorokanam ycin B; and 1-N{(2R,3R)-4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl}-5,3',4'-trideoxy-5-fluoroka namycin B, which are all useful as antibacterial agent in the therapeutic treatment of bacterial infections.

1-n-(4-amino-3-fluoro-2-hydroxybutyryl)-kanamycins

A white balance adjusting device for a color video camera detects a color temperature detection signal R-B and a color information signal R+B-2Y from a video signal provided by the color video camera. A control signal generating means of the white balance adjusting device generates a control signal to drive a gate circuit when the level of the color information signal R+B-2Y is within a predetermined range of level. When the level of the color information signal is within the predetermined range of level, the gate circuit passes the color temperature detection signal R-B to apply the color detection signal R-B to a clipping circuit. The clipping circuit clips the amplitude of the color temperature detection signal R-B within a predetermined range of level. Chrominance signal gain control circuit for controlling the gains of chrominance signals R and B is controlled by the output of the clipping circuit for white balance adjustment.

White balance adjusting device for a color video camera

A white balance adjusting device detects a change of color temperature for an illuminating light source from chrominance signals supplied from an image pickup device of a color video camera and controls gains of circuits of a chrominance signal processing circuit for processing red (R) signal and blue (B) signal in accordance with the detected signal to automatically adjust the white balance. The device has a circuit for generating a color temperature change detection signal from at least two different chrominance signals, a comparator/amplifier for amplifying a difference between the detection signal and a reference voltage, a tracking correction circuit to which the output of the comparator/amplifier is supplied and which produces two control signals, and gain control circuits for controlling gains for the red (R) signal and blue (B) signal in accordance with the two control signals. The color temperature change detection circuit, comparator/amplifier, tracking correction circuit and gain control circuits constitute a negative feedback loop.

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Yokohama, Japan

Yasushi Takagi