Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Yazaki Corporation

Yasushi Nakamura

Noboru Kuroda

Yasuaki Iwamoto

Tomio Kondou

Yasuyuki Mochizuki

Kohki Katoh

Yuichi Nakazawa

Kenichi Uehara

Yoshihiro Sugiyama

Ryoichi Ito

Shigeru Emoto

Mitsuo Aoki

Susumu Yamamoto

Satoru Miyamoto

Tomoyuki Satoh

Masahiro Kawamoto

Yoshihiro Suguro

Nobutaka Kinoshita

Yasuyuki Sanui

Osamu Kouzu

Tomio Kondo

An apparatus for detecting an obstacle to a power regulated window, which can detect existence of an obstacle by a method of differential current at low rotating speed of a motor and reduce a force of biting an obstacle and prevent from detecting an obstacle unexpectedly at high rotating speed, includes current detecting means for detecting a value of load current flowing through the motor, reference-value generating means for generating a reference value correspondingly to rotating speed of the motor for judging when the value of load current exceeds a predetermined value of over-load current, and comparing means for judging whether or not the value of load current exceeds the reference value.

Apparatus for detecting obstacle to power regulated window

A device for detecting failure of a field effect transistor (FET) includes a first FET1 connected in series with a motor M between a power source terminal and ground, a motor control unitfor on/off controlling a voltage to be applied to said motor to set normal/reverse operation and stopping of said motor, a gate control unit for on/off controlling a gate voltage to be applied to said FET to control driving of said motor, a voltage applying means VB, Rfor applying a positive voltage at a prescribed voltage level to the current input terminal of the FET; a voltage detecting unit CMP1 for detecting the voltage level of the positive voltage thus applied when said gate voltage is off; and a failure detecting unitfor detecting short-circuiting failure of the FET on the basis of a change in the voltage level detected by said voltage detecting unit when said gate voltage is off while said motor stops. In this configuration, failure of the FET for controlling driving of the motor can be detected both when the motor stops and operates.

Device for detecting failure of field effect transistor

A toner for developing an electrostatic image, including a binder, a coloring agent and a charge controlling agent. When that portion of the toner which has a particle diameter of 5.04 &mgr;m or less accounts for 15-60% of the total number N of the toner, that portion of the toner which provides a number average particle diameter of 4.0 to 4.5 &mgr;m has such a content C1% by weight of the charge controlling agent that gives a ratio of C1/CT of 1.00 to 1.10, where CT is a total amount, in terms of % by weight, of the charge controlling agent in the toner. When that portion of the toner which has a particle diameter of 5.04 &mgr;m or less accounts for 15% or less of the total number N, that portion of the toner which provides a number average particle diameter of 4.2 to 4.8 &mgr;m has such a content C2% by weight of the charge controlling agent that gives a ratio of C2/CT of 1.02 to 1.15.

Toner for developing electrostatic image and process of preparing same

A two-component developer includes a magnetic carrier including magnetic carrier particles with an average particle diameter of 35 &mgr;m to 100 &mgr;m, and a toner including toner particles with a weight-average particle diameter of 6.0 &mgr;m to 11.5 &mgr;m, to which at least one additive is externally added thereto in an amount of 0.3 to 1.5 wt. % to the toner, the toner particles including (a) toner particles with a particle diameter of 5 &mgr;m or less with a content ratio of 15% or less by number, and (b) toner particles with such a particle diameter that is two times or greater than the weight-average particle diameter of the toner particles with a content ratio of 5% or less by volume, the toner particles satisfying a relationship of 0.60&lE;D25/D75&lE;0.85 as defined in the specification. A container in which the two-component developer is contained, and an electrophotographic image formation apparatus in which the container is incorporated are proposed.

Two-component developer, two-component developer holding container, and electrophotographic image formation apparatus equipped with the container

A toner is made or toner particles which contains a binder resin and a coloring agent, wherein the toner particles have a weight-average particle size in a range of 6.0 to 11.5 &mgr;m, and contains toner particles (a) with a particle diameter of 5 &mgr;m or less in a content ratio of 1 to 15% by number, and toner particles (b) with a particle diameter of twice or more the weight-average particle size in a content ratio of 5 wt % or less, and the number-average particle size D25 and the number-average particle size D75 respectively obtained when the cumulative number of the toner particles reaches 25% and 75% at the measurement of a cumulative toner particle distribution by number thereof are in the relationship of 0.60&lE;D25/D75&lE;0.95. A two-component developer includes the above-mentioned toner and a carrier.

Toner and two-component developer for electrophotographic process and image formation method and image formation apparatus using the toner

A toner for developing latent electrostatic images composed of a continuous phase containing a binder resin, and a disperse phase dispersed in the form of finely-divided disperse phases in the continuous phase, containing a resin which is not the same as the binder resin for use in the continuous phase, and finely-divided particles of a releasing agent which are dispersed in the resin, with a coloring agent being dispersed in the continuous phase and/or the disperse phase.

Toner for developing latent electrostatic images

Growing community of inventors

Shizuoka, Japan

Yasushi Nakamura